Final

Question 1

The process of improving the health of a population by enabling people to increase control over their health is called?

Answer 1

Health Promotion

Question 2

The communication of information intended to improve knowledge about health in order to encourage people to take action to improve their health is called?

Answer 2

Health Education

Question 3

A biopsychosocial model to conceptualize the process of intentional behavioral change is what model?

Answer 3

Transtheorectical Model of Behavior Change

Question 4

Which model of lifestyle change is essentially a self-help approach that views successful lifestyle change as possible, but only with considerable planning?

Answer 4

Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change

Question 5

What are the stages of behavior changes?

Answer 5

precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination

Question 6

What is the key strategy to the pre contemplation step in the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior change?

Answer 6

consciousness-raising (person may be unaware of need for change or feels he or she can’t change-lifestyle questionnaires, making lists of current health-promoting and inhibiting behaviors)

Question 7

What are the 3 serious mistakes people make when starting a lifestyle change?

Answer 7

Expect miracles and set unrealistic goals, oversimplify the complexities associated with lifestyle change and view it as a willpower issue, view change as temporary goal rather than a long term goal

Question 8

What does SMART stand for in goal setting?

Answer 8

specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and timely

Question 9

Two main strategies for change in the action stage?

Answer 9

countering is one of the most powerful strategies-behavior substitution, contracting with oneself-written contracts more powerful than spoken

Question 10

What is motivational interviewing?

Answer 10

a patient-centered, directive counseling style that aims to help people explore and resolve their ambivalence about behavior change.

Question 11

What is ambivalence?

Answer 11

a state of mind in which a person has coexisting but conflicting feelings about something-wanting to change but not wanting to change.

Question 12

What does OARS stand for in methods to enhance motivation?

Answer 12

open-eneded questions, affirm, reflective listening, summarize

Question 13

Motivational interviewing uses what skill to help patients know you care?

Answer 13

reflective listening

Question 14

What a speaker means and what the listener thinks the speaker means is connected by?

Answer 14

reflective listening

Question 15

The health of women of childbearing age from pre-pregnancy through pregnancy, labor and delivery, the postpartum period and the health of the child prior to birth through adolescence defines?

Answer 15

Maternal, infant, and child (MIC) health

infant =

Question 16

The process of determining the preferred number and spacing of children in one’s family and choosing the appropriate means to achieve this preference defines?

Answer 16

Family planning

Question 17

How many pregnancies in the US are unintentional?

Answer 17

1/2

Question 18

In 1973 the Supreme Court decided to make it unconstitutional for state laws to prohibit abortions..what is the name of this court battle?

Answer 18

Roe v. Wade

Question 19

a medical/ethical position that holds that performing an abortion is an act of murder is termed?

Answer 19

pro-life

Question 20

a medical/ethical position that holds that women have a right to reproductive freedom is termed?

Answer 20

pro-choice

Question 21

T/F a mother who receives NO prenatal care is 3x more likely to give birth to a low birth weight infant

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What are the risk factors of SIDS to advise your patients about?

Answer 22

Supine positioning during sleeping is preferred, and parents who smoke, and bed co-sharing when parents smoke

Question 23

Babies who die from SIDS make low amounts of?

Answer 23

serotonin

Question 24

Approximately how many abused/neglected children attend chiropractic clinics in the US each year?

Answer 24

100,000

Question 25

A clinic-based program designed to provide a variety of nutritional and health-related good and services to pregnant, postpartum, and breastfeeding women, infants, and children user age 5 is what program?

Answer 25

WIC-Women, infants, and children program

Question 26

Which two things for children should be under environmental surveillance?

Answer 26

trampolines (orthopedic injury-usually happen without supervision) and baby walkers (falls, delay walking, brain wiring issues)

Question 27

study and management of environmental conditions that addict the health and well being of humans is called?

Answer 27

environmental health

Question 28

factors or conditions in the environment that increase the risk of human injury, disease, or death is termed?

Answer 28

environmental hazards

Question 29

an event of nature that increases the probability of disease, injury, or death of humans;tsunamis, floods, tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes, ect. is termed?

Answer 29

natural hazards-consequences=contaminated food and water, high temps, loss of shelter

Question 30

Prepares communities for all hazards and manages the federal response and recovery efforts after any national incident is which agency?

Answer 30

FEMA-federal emergency agency

Question 31

quasi-governmental agency that provides relief to victims of disasters is?

Answer 31

American Red Cross

Question 32

Unwanted by-products of human activities is called?

Answer 32

residues and wastes

Question 33

the primary law governing the disposal of solid and hazardous waste?

Answer 33

RCRA- resource conservation and recovery act

Question 34

80% of waste management money is spent on?

Answer 34

collection and disposal

Question 35

primary means of solid waste management?

Answer 35

disposal

Question 36

a solid waste or combination of solid waste that is dangerous to human health and the environment (EPA) is?

Answer 36

hazardous waste

Question 37

who established a strict system of controlling hazardous wastes from generation to disposal?

Answer 37

RCRA

Question 38

what is the best solution for hazardous waste management?

Answer 38

hazardous waste recycling

Question 39

uses microorganisms that destroy hazardous substances?

Answer 39

bioremediation

Question 40

contamination of the air that interferes with the comfort, safety, and health of living organisms

Answer 40

air pollution

Question 41

who is especially susceptible to airborne pollutants?

Answer 41

children and elderly

Question 42

this act sets limits on pollution

Answer 42

Clean Air Act

Question 43

which criteria pollutants pose the greatest threat to human health?

Answer 43

particulate matter and ground-level ozone

Question 44

outdoor air pollution?

Answer 44

acid rain and global warming-destruction of the ozone layer and photo-chemical smog

Question 45

key component of environmental health?

Answer 45

water

Question 46

what % of the planet is covered in water?

Answer 46

70% -3% fresh 1% easily accessible

Question 47

underground soil formation saturated with water and available for human use by pumping is called?

Answer 47

aquifier

Question 48

any physical or chemical change in the water that can harm living organisms or make it unfair for other uses is called?

Answer 48

water pollution

Question 49

what is the name for a single identifiable source that discharges pollutants into the water?

Answer 49

point source pollution

Question 50

all pollution that occurs through the runoff, seepage, or falling of pollutants into the water is called?

Answer 50

nonpoint source pollution

Question 51

how many people have to have a reported illness from water before it is termed a Waterborne disease outbreak (WBDO)?

Answer 51

2

Question 52

two new pollutants found in water are?

Answer 52

endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs)

Question 53

what is the aka for EDCs?

Answer 53

xenoestrogens

Question 54

what controls the point-source pollution of water?

Answer 54

clean water act

Question 55

this regulates drinking water supply?

Answer 55

safe drinking water act

Question 56

what are the AKAs for wastewater?

Answer 56

liquid waste or sewage

Question 57

what % of pollutants are removed in wastewater treatment?

Answer 57

85-95%

Question 58

what are the three types of natural radiation? (make up 55% of radiation)

Answer 58

extraterrestrial (sun and outer space), terrestrial (earth's minerals), and internal (inside the body from ingestion)

Question 59

what are the human made radiation sources?

Answer 59

x-rays, nuclear medicine, consumer products (TV), nuclear power plants, nuclear weapons

Question 60

RCRA and CERCLA help regulate what?

Answer 60

disposal of lead-based products

Question 61

any organism (plant, animal, or microbe) that has an adverse effect on human interests is termed?

Answer 61

pest

Question 62

natural or synthetic chemicals that have been developed and manufactured for the purpose of killing pests (25,000 in the us) is called?

Answer 62

pesticides

Question 63

most widely used pesticides?

Answer 63

herbicides (kill plants) and insecticides (kill insects)

Question 64

how many injury deaths occur each year?

Answer 64

>5 million

Question 65

the CDC established a primary federal organization for violence prevention in the US called?

Answer 65

NCIPC National center for injury prevention and control

Question 66

unintential injuries are most common in people of age?

Answer 66

44 or younger