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Science 8 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Inertia

A

Tendency of an object to resist any changes in motion ex: seatbelts

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2
Q

Newtons 2nd law

A

F=mxa the total force of an object is equal to the product of its mass and acceleration unit is Newton

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3
Q

Same force acting on a rock and car

A

Rock : small mass:large acceleration

Car-large mass:small acceleration

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4
Q

Newtons 3rd law and ex

A

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction ex: balloon action:air rushed down reaction:balloon goes up, a rocket hot gases push against the inside tube of the rocket and escape out the bottom of the tube

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5
Q

Density FORMULA

A

Mass divided by volume

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6
Q

density (floating in water placement)

A

Heavier-sinks
Lighter-floats
Same-middle

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7
Q

Gravity

A

Force of attraction between two objects increases with altitude

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8
Q

Friction

A

Force that works. In the opposite direction of motion cause an object to slow down and eventually stop

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9
Q

Air resistance

A

Opposes downward motion of falling objects large surface areas increase air resistance

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10
Q

Combining forces (vectors)

A

Pythagorean thereom

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11
Q

Maximum K.E

A

Right before ball hits the ground

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12
Q

Maximum P.E.

A

Top all p.e is before ball is thrown

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13
Q

Acceleration due to gravity

A

At the earths surface all freely falling objects experience the same “adg” =9.8m/s^2

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14
Q

Ways to reduce friction in simple machines

A

Sliding,rolling.fluid

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15
Q

Examples of six simple machines

A
  1. inclined plane: ramp
  2. wedge: knife,ax,plow,zipper
  3. screw: wood screw,cork screw,nut bolt lightbulb
  4. lever
  5. pulley:clothesline,window,shade,flag pole
  6. wheel and axle: bikes,Ferris wheel, steering wheel,door knobs
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16
Q

1st class lever and examples

A

Fulcrum is in the middle

Ex.seasaw,scissors,crowbars

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17
Q

2nd class lever and examples

A

Fulcrum on the end resistance in the middle effort on the opposite end
Ex:wheelbarrow,doors,nutcracker

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18
Q

3rd class lever

A

Fulcrum on opposite end of resistance effort is in the middle resistance on opposite end

Ex:bat,shovel,fishing pole

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19
Q

Machines that require the (least/most ) amount of effort force have a high mechanical advantage

A

Least

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20
Q

Mechanical advantage

A

Tells you the number of times a machine multiplies your effort force

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21
Q

Efficiency

A

Work output over work input multiplied by 100 compared work output to work input to determine how much work is used to overcome the machines friction

Increase efficiency, decrease friction

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22
Q

Sound energy

A

(Mechanical energy) matter in motion.if the object is moving it is mechanical

Ex: moving car, wind , waterfall

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23
Q

Light energy

A

(Electromagnetic) moving electric charger

Ex:light,electricity,magnets,x-Rays,radio waves,uv Rays

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24
Q

Vibrations

A

Any movement that follows the same path repeatedly

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25
Wave
The movement of energy from a vibrating source
26
Frequency
Number of complete waves per unit of time :hertz Increase frequency , decrease wavelength
27
Pitch
How high or low a sound is depends of frequency •more waves/sec=higher pitch like an opera singer •less waves/sec=low pitch,like thunder
28
Amplitude
Heigh of the wave Increase wave energy,increase amplitude Increase amplitude, increase height of crests and troughs
29
Loudness and unit
Amount of energy carried by a wave .higher the amplitude means louder the sound Unit-decibels
30
Law of reflection
Light gets reflected from a surface at angle it hits it Angle of incidence = angle of reflection
31
Refraction through convex lense
Causes light rays to converge (come together because one or both sides curve outward, thick in middle). Makes things look larger light rays meet at a focal point
32
Refraction through concave lense
Causes light rays to diverge (spread apart bc one or both sides curve inward , thug in the middle) makes things look smaller (minifies) lights rays spread out
33
Electromagnetic spectrum
Chart showing visible colors and their wavelengths Red-longest Violet -shortest
34
Microwaves
Used for cooking and communication
35
Infrared
Felt as heat
36
Visible
Light we can see
37
Ultraviolet
EM waves with frequencies slightly higher than visible light Uses:food processing,hospitals to kill germs Helps your body make vitamin d
38
X-Ray
High energy EM waves that can damage living cells Uses:medicine-bones absorbs x-rays ;soft tissue does not Lead. Absorbs x-rays
39
Gamma
Highest frequency highest energy EM waves shortest wavelength come from outer space Uses:cancer treatment
40
Physical properties
Characteristics of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter Ex:all measurements,color,phase,odor,size
41
Chemical properties
Characteristics of matter that describe the ability of the matter to change into a completely new substance with new physical and chemical properties Ex:flammability,ability to :rust,tarnish,photosynthesize,react with acid,weather &erodr
42
Physical change
Changing the physical properties of the matter not the identity of the new substance Examples: changing the size or shape (crushing,cutting,breaking) or changing phase (melting,freezing,boiling,and condensing)
43
Chemical change
The process of the substance changing into a new substance with the new physical and chemical properties Ex:the actual process of burning,rusting ,exploding ,baking
44
Mass
Amount of matter in an object | If you went to Mars your mass oils stay the same
45
Weight
Depends on the pull of gravity if you went to Mars your weight would change
46
Newtons 1st law and examples
An object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force ex:inertia
47
What is a force
Push or pull on an object unit is Newton can be measured with a spring scale
48
Unbalanced forces
Causes a change in motion ,starts motion or stops motion
49
Forces in the same direction you
Add
50
Forces in opposite direction you
Subtract
51
Balanced force
The forces cancel each tiger out no change in motion occurs forces will be in opposite directions and equal magnitude
52
Electromagnetic energy
Moving electric charges | Ex:light,electricity,magnets,x-rays,radio waves,uv light,power lines,rainbows
53
Mechanical energy
Matter in motion if the object is moving its mechanical | ex:wind,water,sound
54
Heat energy
Internal motion of particles produces heat energy | Ex:melting ice,fire,stove,candles
55
Chemical energy
When bonds are broken chemical energy is released | Ex:digesting foods,fuel burning in a car, using a battery
56
Nucleur
When the nucleus splits (fission) it collided with another nucleus (fusion) strongest energy Ex:sun,power plant
57
Work formula
W=fxd
58
Power formula
P=w/t
59
Certain metals magnetism occurs in
Iron,nickel ,cobalt
60
Magnetism
Occurs when all the atoms in the material are all lined up
61
M Mass
Triple beam balance | Grams
62
M volume
Graduated cylinder | mL
63
M length
Metric ruler | Cm
64
M force
Spring scale newtons
65
Solids
Have definite shape and volume
66
Liquids
Have a definite volume but no definite shape
67
Gases
Have no definite shape or volume
68
S->L
Melting
69
L->G
Boiling /evaporation
70
G->L
Condensation
71
L->S
Freezing
72
Mixture
Two substances mixed together but not chemically combined
73
Solution
When one substance dissolves into another
74
3 ways to separate mixtures
Evaporate ,magnet, filter, sort , spinning
75
Metals are located to the (blank) of the staircase
Left
76
of neutrons
Atomic mass rounded - atomic number
77
Ion
An atom that becomes charged due to a loss or gain of electrons Metals-lose electrons Non metals-gain
78
Compound
Two or more elements chemically combined
79
Outer rocky she'll around the earth
Crust
80
Earths interior 4 majors parts in order of decending into the earth
Crust,mantle,outer core ,inner core
81
High front
Clear and sunny
82
Low front
Cloudy &a rainy
83
Why can w e see the moon
Reflects sunlight
84
Solar eclipse
SME
85
Lunar eclipse
SEM
86
Water cycle
Recycling of water between the ocean and air and land

Science 8 (1 decks)

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