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Final Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an effect of inhaling carbon monoxide?

A

Headache

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2
Q

Chronic use of steroidal anti-inflammatory medications will cause what effects?

A

Ulcers, hyperglycemia and cataracts

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3
Q

What does nitrous oxide do?

A

Oxidizes hemoglobin to form methemoglobin

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4
Q

Aspirin should not be used to manage the signs and symptoms of which condition?

A

Gouty arthritis

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5
Q

Chronic use of steroidal anti-inflammatory medications can cause GI ulcers because of inhaling what enzymes?

A

Phospholipase A2

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6
Q

Carbon monoxide inhalation does what?

A
  • Reduces the amount of hemoglobin available to transport oxygen
  • Can be mis-diagnosed as the flu
  • Can cause fetal damage
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7
Q

Air pollutants cause what symptoms?

A

Bronchospasm
Pulmonary edema
Decreased oxygen saturation of arterial blood

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8
Q

What’s the characteristic sequela upon dermal contact with a strong acid such as HCl?

A

Superficial damage with eschar formation

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9
Q

Hypertensive crisis is a serious adverse interaction involving what substances?

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

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10
Q

Delayed-onset pulmonary toxicity is characteristic of what chemical exposure?

A

Inhaling an irritant gas with low water solubility

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11
Q

Methemoglobinemia is characterized by what?

A

Caused by exposure to oxidizing chemicals

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12
Q

Person using corticosteroids for OA over a chronic duration will have hyperglycemia because of what?

A

Stimulation of gluconeogenesis

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13
Q

Exposure to organophosphate insecticide (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor) will cause what effect?

A

Increased exocrine secretions
(mAChR)

Would also include smooth muscle and myocardium (urination and defecation)

(NOT pupillary dilation, increased endocrine secretions or decreased muscle tone which are all nicotinic receptors)

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14
Q

Carbon monoxide has the greatest binding affinity for which form of hemoglobin?

A

Fetal Hb

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15
Q

“Mad Hatter’s Disease” is consequence of chronic exposure to which toxic chemicals?

A

Mercury

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16
Q

Risk for parkinson’s disease and angina is increased upon exposure to what chemical?

A

Carbon monoxide

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17
Q

Daily use of low doses of aspirin is prescribed to prevent intra-vascular clotting after cardiovascular surgery. The therapeutic dose to manage pain, fever and inflammation is around 6 times this dose. The rationale behind this prescription is what?

A

It inhibits thromboxane synthetase

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18
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respiration is caused by fluctuations in PCO2 levels. This is characteristic effect of which substance?

A

Narcotic analgesic overdose

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19
Q

Chronic use of which of the following therapeutic agents is most likely to increase the risk for fractures and osteoporosis?

A

Proton Pump inhibitors

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20
Q

The dental anesthetic nitrous oxide, “laughing gas,” must be combined with adequate oxygen when used to perform dental procedures in order to prevent what?

A

Methemoglobinemia

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21
Q

Carbon monoxide does NOT cause which of the following effects?

A

Coughing

causes: headache, hypoxia & bright red venous blood

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22
Q

Highly soluble irritant gases pose the highest risk for adverse effects in patients with what conditions?

A

Asthma

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23
Q

The best confirmation of CO poisoning is what?

A

Carboxyhemoglobin blood levels

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24
Q

Which toxic chemical has a sweet taste?

A

Lead acetate

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25
Which category of chemicals causes liquefactive necrosis when in contact with live tissues?
Strong bases
26
Excess consumption of what food items will increase risk for mercury poisoning?
Bigeye tuna
27
What metabolic poison causes psychosis?
Mercery
28
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory meds provide palliative relief by inhibiting what enzyme?
Cyclo-oxygenase
29
Acute overdose with aspirin can cause hyperthemia. This occurs because of what?
Aspirin uncouples oxidative phosphorylation
30
Even low dose use of aspirin on a chronic basis can increase risk for GI ulcers because of what?
Aspirin inhibits cyclo-oxygenase 1 in the gastric mucosa
31
Which is not an anti-inflammatory steroid?
Testosterone
32
Overuse of what anti-inflammatory medications will NOT cause signs and symptoms of cushing's syndrome?
Aspirin
33
Which anti-inflammatory agent will aggrevate gouty arthrits?
Aspirin
34
Reye's syndrome is associated with management of viral fevers in children with which anti-pyretic agent?
Aspirin
35
Narcotic analgesic agents will NOT cause what?
Mydriasis
36
Pin point pupil is characteristic of what substance?
Narcotics
37
Exposure to cyanide can cause death as result of what effect?
Inhibition of cytochrome oxidase (blocks ATP synthesis)
38
A patient under your care for asthma exhibits moon face and buffalo hump and has mild hyperglycemia. What medication is your patient most likely taking?
Dexamethasone
39
Acute overdose with what chemical produces centrilobular hepatic necrosis?
Tylenol
40
A 50-year-old patient known for having peptic ulcers has been taking prescribed dose of analgesic to manage pain of OA for past 3 months. Complains of lack of energy. Lab data shows he is anemic and has prolonged bleeding time. Most likely analgesic involved is:
Aspirin
41
What is associated with Reye's Syndrome?
Aspirin
42
What causes hyperglycemia through glycogenolysis?
Epinephrine
43
What stimulates gluconeogenesis?
Prednisone
44
What is used to manage viral fevers in children?
Tylenol
45
What causes hypoglycemic coma?
Insulin
46
What can cause toxic effects during rapid weight loss?
Lipophilic chemicals
47
What can cause increase bio-inactivation by liver enzymes?
Smoking
48
What can increase toxicity due to therapeutic doses of ANY chemical?
Dehydration
49
What overdose can cause cardiac palpitations?
Synthroid
50
What therapeutic use can cause hyperglycemia?
Hydrocortisone
51
What's an effect of inhaling an irritant gas with high water solubility?
Coughing
52
``` Chronic use of steroidal anti-inflammatory meds will cause which? Diarrhea Hypoglycemia Cataracts All of the above D and H ```
Cataracts & ulcers & hyperglycemia
53
Which of the following is correct for nitrous oxide? It binds to Hb at N-terminus It has greatest binding affinity for adult Hb It competes with O2 for binding sites on Hb It oxidizes Hb to form methemoglobin
It has greatest binding affinity for adult Hb
54
Aspirin should not be used to manage signs and symptoms of which condition? Gouty arthritis Migraine OA RA
Gouty arthritis
55
Chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications can cause GI ulcers because of inhibition of which enzyme?
Cyclo-oxygenase
56
Air pollutants cause what symptoms?
Bronchoconstriction Pulmonary edema Decreased oxygen saturation of arterial blood
57
What is characteristic sequela of dermal contact with a strong base such as lye (sodium hydroxide)?
Progressive, penetrative damage
58
Anemia associated with basophilic stippling of erythrocytes is characteristic of poisoning with what?
Lead
59
Delayed-onset pulmonary toxicity is characteristic of of what following chemical exposure?
Irritant gas with LOW water solubility
60
Methemoglobinema is characterized by what?
Exposure to oxidizing chemicals
61
Person suffering from chronic arsenic exposure will likely present with what signs & symptoms?
Thickened palms and soles
62
Exposure to organophosphate insecticide (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor) will cause what effects?
increased exocrine secretions
63
Carbon monoxide has the greatest binding affinity for which form of hemoglobin?
Fetal hemoglobin
64
Mad Hatter's disease is result of chronic exposure to which chemical?
Mercury
65
Which metallic poison will cause psychosis?
Mercury
66
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications provide palliative relief by inhibiting which enzyme?
Cyclo-oxygenase
67
Even a low dose use of aspirin on a chronic basis can increase the risk for GI ulcers because why?
Aspirin inhibits cyclo-oxygenase 1 in the gastric mucosa
68
Which is NOT an anti-inflammatory steroid? Cortisol Testosterone Prednisone Dexamethasone
Cortisol (steroid hormone)
69
Overusing which one of the following anti-inflammatory medications will NOT cause signs and symptoms of Cushing's Syndrome? Hydrocortisone Dexamethasone Betamethasone Aspirin
Aspirin WILL NOT
70
Which anti-inflammatory agent will aggravate gouty arthritis? Aspirin hydrocortisone dexamethasone acetaminophen
Aspirin
71
Exposure to cyanide can cause death as a result of what effect?
Inhibits cytochrome oxidase (ATP synthesis blocked)
72
Overdose with which of the following produces centrilobular hepatic necrosis? ``` Arsenic Lead Mercury Aspirin Tylenol ```
Tylenol
73
Which of the following are sources of carbon monoxide? ``` Smoking Automobile exhaust Gasoline generator All of the above None of the above ```
All of the above
74
The intensity of a systemic toxic effect is directly proportional to which of the following? Exposed dose ABsorbed dose Plasma protein binding Target site concentration
Plasma protein binding
75
Methemoglobinemia is characterized by which of the following? Oxygen transport in blood is increased Blood drop on paper filter stains chocolate Caused by exposure to reducing chemicals Protects individual against angina
Blood drop on paper filter stains chocolate brown
76
Most of the particulates that get deposited in the pulmonary region of the respiratory tract are removed by which of the following? Mucus Ciliated epithelium Muco-ciliary system Alveolar macrophages
Muco-ciliary system
77
Which of the following is monitored as index of outdoor air quality?
Particulates
78
Well water in the midwest may cause methemoglobinemia associated hypoxia especially in infants because of presence of high concentration of what?
Nitrites and nitrates
79
Chocolate cyanosis will be caused upon adequate dose exposure to which of the following? Amyl nitrite Silver nitrate Nitrous oxide
All of the above
80
The first indicator of methemoglobinemia is ____
chocolate cyanosis
81
Exposure to which chemical will cause coagulative necrosis upon contact with living tissue?
Strong Acids
82
Methemoglobinemia is NOT characterized by which of the following? It's oxidized form of hemoglobin Patient appears cherry red Caused by exposure to oxidizing chemicals Causes Blue Baby syndrome in infants
Patient appears cherry red... Would be chocolate cyanosis!
83
Which of the following gases can cause hallucinations and methemoglobinemia?
nitrous oxide
84
Chronic exposure to which chemical produces behavioral changes that are likely to be diagnosed as ADHD?
Lead (HI spasms, mimics Ca++ ion, aka Lead colic. Deficiency-lack of energy, black line gums, decreased auditory function (ADHD)) Mercury - psychosis Arsenic (white lines on fingernails, rubbery skin, thick palms/soles, ascending paralysis)
85
2 factors that influence absorption of chemicals in the GI tract?
pH and surface area

Toxicology (1 decks)

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