Final Flashcards
1
Q
Isolated skill that does not translate into generalized cognitive.
A
Savant Skills
2
Q
Musical Savant
A
Able to play a piece of music by heart after one or two hearings.
3
Q
Artist Savant
A
Being able to draw things perfectly either by memory or from a drawing or picture.
4
Q
Where the person cannot be promoted to look at something together with an adult, nor do they point at a desired object and then look back at the adult to seek recognition.
A
Joint Attention
5
Q
The ability to communicate to others where they can understand
A
Expressive Language
6
Q
The ability to understand or comprehend words &I sentences that others use
A
Receptive Language
7
Q
Immediate Echolalia
A
Repeating the other person right on the spot.
8
Q
Delayed Echolalia
A
Repeating what is being said later after someone has asked or stated something.
9
Q
Scripting
A
The child goes around reciting chunks of a favorite movie or program
10
Q
Stages that one goes through based on typically developing children
A
Milestone
11
Q
Above _____ is superior to genius
A
130
12
Q
_____ to _____ constitutes average intelligence
A
85
115
13
Q
Scores below _____ fall into MR area
A
70
14
Q
Autism is diagnosed on or before age ____
A
3
15
Q
1 in every ____ children in the U.S. has Autism
A
68
16
Q
Autism occurs mostly in ______
A
Whites
17
Q
List the three categories that fall under ASD
A
Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified
Autism
Aspergers
18
Q
Levels of Severity
A
Level 1: Requiring Support
Level 2: Requiring Substantial Support
Level 3: Requiring Very Substantial Support
19
Q
SIB
A
Self Injurious Behavior
20
Q
A persons genetic makeup
A
Genotype
21
Q
The way someone looks on the outside
A
Phenotype
22
Q
Are stereotyped or repetitive movements or posturing of the body. Mannerisms of the hands such as hand flapping, finger twisting, flicking, rubbing, or wringing hands. Mannerisms of the body such as rocking, swaying, or pacing.
A
Stimming
23
Q
A combination of both traits
A
Broad Autism Phenotype
24
Q
Not having a co-occurring diagnosis with Autism
A
Pure ASD
25
To run away and to not come back to the point of origination
Elopement
26
Where the child seems to be developing just fine and hits a great many developmental milestones but then loses the skills that were acquired.
Regressive Autism
27
Are hand and head movements to signal to someone else, such as reach, wave, point or handshake. They are nonverbal behaviors used to convey or exchange information or express emotions without the use of words
Gesturing
28
Are specific and seemingly meaningless behaviors that a child performs repeatedly in certain situations or circumstances, such as turning the lights off and on.
Rituals
29
A neurologically based developmental disorder encompassing atypical development in four domains: relating to others, language, repetitious behavior, and sensory processing.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
30
Constituted by the realization that other people have thoughts and feelings of their own, combined with our ability to make good guess as to what someone else is thinking and feeling as we interact with them. Seeing the big picture.
Theory of Mind
31
Sight
Visual
32
Hearing
Auditory
33
Taste
Gustatory
34
Smell
Olfactory
35
Touch
Tactile
36
Autism is
Developmental disability
Life long
Varies in intensity
37
Autism is not
Curable
Diagnosed through medical procedures
Mental illness
38
Two characteristics of ASD under the DSM 5
Social Communication Domain
Fixated Interest and Repetitious Behavior
39
ASD
Autism Spectrum Disorder
40
ADD
Attention Deficit Disorder
41
PDD-NOS
Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified
42
MR
Mental Retardation
43
ABA
Applied Behavior Analysis
44
DTT
Discrete Trial Training
45
NOS
Not Otherwise Specified
46
DSM
Diagnostic & Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders
47
IDD
Intellectual Developmental Disability
48
IDEA
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
49
OT
Occupational Therapists
50
Three forms of Echolalia
Immediate
Delayed
Scripting
51
_____ are _____ times more likely than ____ to have autism.
Boys
5
Girls
52
List 5 possible causes of ASD
Genetic factors
Abnormal biology and chemistry in the brain
Diet
Vaccine sensitivity
The body's inability to properly use vitamins & minerals
53
Two types of repetitious behaviors and give two examples of each
Mental- difficultly with transition & stereotyped play
Physical- hand flapping, spinning
54
In 1943, the first person labeled a child psychologist, of John Hopkins Hospital, was the first person to use the word autism in a diagnosis.
Leo Kanner
55
In 1911, a psychiatrist from Switzerland came up with the term "autism". Before this, all those with similar characteristics were diagnosed as schizophrenia
Eugene Bleuler
56
Calendar Savant
Able to tell the days of the week for last and future dates.
57
Rocking, spinning, jumping, pacing
Vestibular
58
Antecedents and consequences are systematically manipulated to increase or decrease the rate of occurrence of specified behaviors
Shaping
59
Prompts are verbal or physical clues that increase the chance that the child will produce the desired behavior
Promoting & Fading
60
Involves breaking down a complex task into smaller units that can be shaped more easily
Chaining & Reverse Chaining
61
A task isn't fully learned until the child can perform it regardless of the setting or the condition
Generalization
62
This includes clearly defined interactions between trainer and subject that follow a typical pattern: The trainer presents a stimulus (a request, task, or behavior to be imitated), the subject responds, and the trainer delivers a consequence
Discrete Trial Training (DTT)
63
Providing a desirable consequence
Positive reinforcement
64
Based directly on input from the senses
Bottom-up
65
Refers to reasoning, making judgements, or planning. Usually found in the cerebral cortex.
Top-Down
66
Is the method behaviorists use to describe and manipulate behavior; attempts to eliminate unwanted behaviors (SI) and to promote desired behaviors, including language, adaptive skills, and at least the outward forms of social behavior.
ABA
67
These two people were essentially staking out the bottom-up approach to psychology
Thorndike & Watson
68
This person laid claim to top-down approach
William James
69
DSM Axis
1. Clinical
2. Personality disorders and Mental Retardation (MR)
3. Medical condition
4. Psychosocial & Environmental
5. Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)
70
Autism is on Axis __
1
71
MR is on Axis __
2
72
The speed at which the subject completes tasks
Processing Speed
73
Portion of an IQ test taps abilities such as vocabulary, verbal analogies, and so on
Verbal
74
Portion measures arithmetic, geometry, and other forms of nonverbal ability
Nonverbal
75
Refers to put store of memorized facts, either verbal or nonverbal
Crystallized
76
Refers to our ability to recognize patterns or relationships either verbal or nonverbal
Fluid Intelligence
77
Is the ability to read printed matter with little or no understanding of the text
Hyperlexia
78
Have poor social skills and subtle difficulty with pragmatic language, physical coordination, and right-left discrimination
Nonverbal Learning Disability (NLD)
79
List the 5 core deficits in ASD
Cognitive Rigidity
Abnormal regulation of sleep
Abnormal regulation of arousal
Abnormal regulation of attention
Sensory processing
80
Two setting between abnormal sensory processing
Sensory seeking
Sensory avoiding
81
Things that help with ASD
```
PECS (Picture ExchangeCommunication System)
Visual Schedule
Social Stories
Physical Activity
Medication
```
82
Social Stories do 3 things:
Describe a situation
Describe a concept
Describe a social skill
83
Social Stories have 5 formats:
```
Directive
Perspective
Descriptive
Affirmative
Cooperative
```
84
Skinner divided verbal behavior into 4 categories:
Mending
Tacting
Echoic
Intraverbal
85
List the 3 forms of therapy
Natural Environment Therapy
Developmental Relationship (floor time)
Pivotal Response Therapy
86
The goals of the 3 forms of therapies
```
Mobilize attention
Engagement
Interaction
Communication
Thinking
```
87
Engagement Strengths (list 3)
Communication skills
Social skills
Motor skills
88
PECS
Picture Exchange Communication System
89
Requesting demanding
Manding
90
Labeling
Tacting
91
Keeping or limiting something causing the desire to increase
Deprivation
92
Giving something without limits causing a decrease in the desire
Satiation
93
Repeating what is heard
Echolalia
94
Exchange of words between two individuals in which the exchanged words do not match
Intraverbals
95
No special training; simply one method; emphasized the use of intrinsically motivating materials, teaching in natural contexts, and focusing on the child's immediate interests to guide language instruction. Is usually conducted in the child's typical daily environment.
Natural Environment Therapy (NET)
96
Commonly referred to as "floor time" because much of the intervention takes place in play on the floor.
Development individual relationship (DIR)
97
Is a specific form of behaviorally based therapy. It concentrates on areas of a child's development that includes motivation, response to multiple cues, self management, and the initiation of social interaction.
Pivotal Response Therapy (PRT)
98
For there to be a behavior, there has to be two things:
Observable & measurable
99
List the ABC's of PBS:
Antecedent
Behavior
Consequence
100
Consequences _______ the probability of the behavior.
Increase
101
Punishment consequences ________ the probability of the behavior.
Decreases.
102
Positive reinforcement ________ behavior by the _______ of a desirable event when the behavior occurs.
Increases
Adding
103
Types of reinforcers
Edibles
Money
Praise
104
Negative reinforcement _______ behavior by the ______ of an aversive event when the behavior occurs.
Increases
Removal
105
Types of punishers
Planned ignoring
Time out
Suspension from work
106
Components of a BSP
```
Target Behaviors
Functions Assessment
Data Collection
Preventive measures
Intervention Strategies
Replacement Behavior Training
```
107
Behaviors that we wish to reduce or eliminate
Physical aggression
Verbal aggression
Spitting
108
CA
Chronological Age
109
ASL
American Sign Language
110
FA
Functional Assessment or Functional analysis
111
FAPE
Free Appropriate Public Education
112
IEP
Individual Education Plan
113
IFSP
Individualized Family Service Plan
114
PBS
Positive Behavioral Support
115
OCD
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
116
LRE
Least Restrictive Environment
117
ODD
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
118
PT
Physical Therapy
119
SLP
Speech Language Pathologist
120
SI
Sensory Integration
121
TEACCH
Treatment and Education of Autistic and related Communication handicapped CHildren
122
Positive punishment ______ behavior by the ______ of an adverse event when the behavior occurs.
Decreases
Addition
123
Negative Punishment ______ behavior by _______ a desirable event.
Decreases
Removing
124
Punishment always ______ the behavior.
decreases
