Final

Question 1

CVA or stroke

Answer 1

the major cause of aphasia

Question 2

Hemiplegia

Answer 2

paralysis on one side of the body

Question 3

Hemiparesis

Answer 3

weakness on one side of the body

Question 4

Hemianopsia

Answer 4

visual field deficit when an individual cannot see to the right or left of the midline in one or both eyes.

Question 5

Non-fluent aphasia

Answer 5

one of poor output with relatively spared comprehension.

Question 6

Fluent apashia

Answer 6

impairment in language comprehension with maintenance of a normal melodic speech contour.

Question 7

Neogolism

Answer 7

an invented word with no meaning. errors tend to occur primarily with nouns and verbs rather than function words.

Question 8

Perseveration

Answer 8

an inappropriate continuation of a response after the presentation of a new stimulus.

Question 9

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 9

a natural recovery process in which the brain regains some of its speech, language and motor function. occurs during the first 2-4 months after injury.

Question 10

Overall goal of apashia

Answer 10

to improve the client’s communication skill to the highest possible degree within the constraints of the neurological brain damage that was done.

Question 11

Which 2 theoretical orientations of aphasia are based on disrupted pathways?

Answer 11

stimulus facilitation and deblocking

Question 12

Which 2 theoretical orientations of aphasia are based on loss of knowledge?

Answer 12

operant conditioning and functional/compensatory

Question 13

Aphasia therapy may focus on 4 abilities:

Answer 13

listening, speaking, reading and writing

Question 14

Self-cuing is used for…

Answer 14

strategies that can be used by a client to trigger the verbal production of a specific word.

Question 15

4 types of self-cuing and examples:

Answer 15

automatic sequence: days of the week
paired verbal associations: bread and butter
sentence completion: “we use the broom to sweep the (floor)”
idiomatic expressions: “look before you (leap).”

Question 16

Melodic Intonation Therapy

Answer 16

a restorative/linguistic technique that utilizes “intoning” to facilitate verbal expression with clients who demonstrate severely restricted verbal output and relatively good speech comprehension.

Question 17

Amer-Ind

Answer 17

a gestural system based on Indian American Hand talk in which gestures stand for basic concepts rather than words.

Question 18

Aim of Amer-Ind program

Answer 18

for a client to meaningfully sequence sign + word combinations in response to a question.

Question 19

VAT: 3 program variations

Answer 19

proximal limb, distal limb, bucco-facial

Question 20

How is PACE conducted

Answer 20

it is conducted in the context of the naturalistic conversation between the client and the clinician.

Question 21

Goal of PACE

Answer 21

to improve the client’s ability to convey intended messages using whatever means of communication available to the individual.

Question 22

Dysarthrias are characterized by

Answer 22

the impairment of muscular control over speech mechanisms as a result of central or peripheral nervous system damage.

Question 23

Primary contributors to decreased intelligibility with dysarthria:

Answer 23

distorted or omitted vowels and consonants and prolonged phonemes and erratic articulation performance.

Question 24

4 basic approaches to dysarthria therapy

Answer 24

behavioral modification, augmentative/alternative devices, medical and surgical procedures, prosthetic devices.

Question 25

6 types of dysarthrias

Answer 25

flaccid, spastic, ataxia, hypokinetic, hyperkinetic, mixed

Question 26

4 motor speech subsystems that can be impaired by dysarthrias:

Answer 26

resonance, respiration, phonation, articulation

Question 27

Apraxia

Answer 27

an inability to plan and execute volitional movement as a result of central nervous system damage despite muscular strength and coordination.

Question 28

Central feature of all therapy for apraxia

Answer 28

the use of drill

Question 29

3 therapy phases for apraxia

Answer 29

phase 1: initiate phonation phase 2: increase smoothness and length of speech phase 3: phonemic drills

Question 30

Core Behaviors

Answer 30

prolongation, repetitions and blocks

Question 31

Secondary Behaviors

Answer 31

categorized by escape and avoidance behaviors.

Question 32

Escape Behaviors

Answer 32

foot taps, eye blinks and head nods

Question 33

Avoidance Behaviors

Answer 33

circumlocutions, unfilled pauses, interjections

Question 34

Ultimate aim for fluency therapy

Answer 34

spontaneous fluency

Question 35

Critical factors in determining fluency therapy implemented

Answer 35

client's age

Question 36

Circumlocutions

Answer 36

substitution of a less feared vocabulary word.

Question 37

2 primary schools of thought for fluency approaches

Answer 37

fluency shaping and stuttering modification

Question 38

4 things families are encouraged to do

Answer 38

- listen attentively to the child's message rather than their speech pattern - avoid time pressures - avoid speaking for the child - avoid labeling disfluencies as stuttering

Question 39

Dysphonia

Answer 39

refers to any deviation in phonation.

Question 40

Aphonia

Answer 40

a term used to indicate the absence of audible phonation.

Question 41

What determines pitch?

Answer 41

thickness and length of vocal folds

Question 42

Common Types of Vocal Misuse/Abuse

Answer 42

shouting, screaming, excessive talking and excessive coughing or throat clearing

Question 43

Hard Glottal Attack

Answer 43

characterized by tight glottal closure, increased subglottal air pressure and explosive abduction in the folds.

Question 44

Goal of therapy for voice disorders

Answer 44

to help a client produce a voice to its best possible pitch, loudness and quality in relation to the individual's age and gender.

Question 45

3 main therapy approaches for vocal disorders:

Answer 45

medical, environmental and behavioral

Question 46

Total Laryngectomy

Answer 46

the complete removal of the larynx due to malignant tumer or severe trauma

Question 47

Mutational Falsetto

Answer 47

characterized by the continued use of a higher-pitched childhood voice into adolescence and adulthood in presence of a normal laryngeal system.

Question 48

Classification of vocal misuese/abuse and an example

Answer 48

functional, example: shouting

Question 49

List 4 of the most common reactions that clients or families may experience at different stages in the therapy sessions:

Answer 49

grief, anger, depression, shame

Question 50

Aphasia

Answer 50

a language based disorder due to brain damage that results in impairment in comprehension and/or formulation of language and can affect both the spoken and written modalities.

Question 51

What kind of device or appliance could you use for someone who has a need for an artificial device?

Answer 51

pneumatic or electronic