Final Flashcards
(52 cards)
Marco Polo
(1254-1324) starts in Italy and goes throughout Europe, finds the Mongol Empire, brings back goods like spices, silk, and noodles
IBN Battuta
(1304-1369) traveled on land and sea, goal= world traveler, parents were killed from Black Plague
Silk Road
Starts in early Rome, flourishes global trade
Black Plague
Hits China first in 1200’s, in Europe from 1346-1453, pasteurella pest is a different form of the plague, travels along the Silk Road, crosses over species, fleas to rats to humans, affects 1/3 of population, Effects: quarantines, rioting, faiths criticized
Renaissance
A rebirth of interest in “antiquity”- belief that Greeks had more knowledge than current times
Gutenberg Press
Johannes Gutenberg
Started with 3 pages per day to 3600 pages per day
Reformation
Printing press fuels this, spread of info, hard to censor, individualism
Colombian Exchange
The widespread of animals, plants, cultures, human populations, technology and ideas between the American and Afro-Eurasian hemispheres (started by Columbus)
The Scientific Revolution
A paradigm that is formed and can be shifted with any evidence that goes against it. It’s a continuation that represents a major shift in thought/practice
Nicolas Copernicus
Found “anomalies”, formulated a model of the universe that placed the sun in the center of the universe , published On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres
Copernicus Revolution
The paradigm shift from the Ptolemaic model of the heavens, which described the cosmos as having Earth stationary at the center of the universe , to the heliocentric model with the Sun at the center of the solar system.
Tycho Brahe
Published On New Starts, new breed of scientists (well funded and has his own equipment- microscope)
Tychonic System: the earth revolves around the sun, but everything thing else revolves around the earth
Johannes Kepler
A student of Brache, suggest elliptical movement (not circular), advocated the Copernican System, made Kepler’s Law
Kepler’s Law
A planet moves in an ellipse w/ the sun on one focus, used to tell where a planet will be based on the areas, size related to speed it revolves the sun (gravity), further away from the sun the slower the planet moves
Galileo Galilei
Interested in improving telescopes- Dutch lens, 9x magnification, became known for telescopes. Patronage (funding) from the Medci family. Influenced by Copernincus
Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
Written by Galileo, comparing the Copernican system with the Ptolemaic system
The Galileo Affair
Throwing off the handmaiden status
The Enlightenment
When science and religion make a distinct split, philosophical ideal of philosophers think of themselves and the world. Ideals: order, reform, progress. Became more specialized in fields of science and man centered (humans at the top of the hierarchy)
The Mechanical Philosophy
God is the clock maker and you understand him by knowing how the clock works. Says things such as magic and occult can be explained by reason and rational things. Affected women by giving them less value in science since they were associated with magic.
Deism
Combines the rejection of revelation and authority as a source of religious knowledge with the conclusion that reason and observation of the natural world are sufficient to determine the existence of a single creator of the universe
Rene Descartes
“Cogito Ergo Sum”: I think therefore I am
Wrote the Discourse on Method: no void, light is made of particles, magnetism-argues that magnetism can be explained by screw objects with left and right hooked screws, everything is mechanical, corpuscles-small material objects that explains air or the screws in magnetism, or particles of light. Says animals and humans are complex machines.
William Harvey
Circulatory System, medicine could be improved by the mechanical philosophy
Robert Boyle
Agrees with mechanical philosophy. The Air Pump- springs like particles, popular science, saying air is made up of stuff
Sir Isaac Newton
Finisher of Scientific Revolution, an Arian, alchemy, wrote Principia: laws in motion, Gravity, planetary movement, mathematics and science , wrote Optics: white light, The Prism, Boyle’s challenge
