Final Flashcards
Nominal, ratio, or interval?
Year in school
Interval
Nominal, ratio, or interval?
Major
Nominal
Nominal, ratio, or interval?
Residential hall
Nominal
Nominal, ratio, or interval?
Number of hours watched TV per week
Ratio
Nominal, ratio, or interval?
Likely scale for flyer news article
Interval
Nominal, ratio, or interval?
IQ
Interval
Nominal, ratio, or interval?
City birth
Nominal
How to reduce something from ratio to nominal?
Simplify the question
1) ratio- how much money do you have in your wallet,
2) nominal- do you have money in your wallet
When to use independent samples t test
When comparing two groups’ means. Groups randomly sorted. Groups can be sorted by the IV which could be an intervention (control or experiment) or an already established group (men or women)
When to use dependent or paired samples t test
When comparing single groups means against itself after intervention
When to use one way anova
When comparing 3+ group means. This test ONLY tells you if there is a difference but doesn’t tell you where the difference test is. That what post hoc tests are for
When to use chi square
When were comparing free quenched of nominal data
Ex- gum chewing and gender
When do we use a correlation
Wen were looking to see if two interval or ratio variables are related
What is the difference between parametric and non parametric tests
Bon parametric tests use nominal and ordinal information
Parametric tests use interval and ratio data
Hypothesis design:
Independent samples t test
Active hypothesis: non directional(two tailed)- if group one goes through IV, then there will be a difference between the groups on DV scores // directional (one tailed)- if group one goes through IV, then group one will score better or worse than group two.
Null hypothesis: the IV will have no effect on the DV
Research question: would there be an effect of IV on DV?
Hypothesis design:
Dependent samples t test
Active hypothesis: non directional(two tailed)- if we introduce the IV, then there will be a difference between the groups on the DV scores // directional (one tail) if we introduce the IV, then the DV scores will be better or worse
Null hypothesis: there will be no effect of the IV on the DV
Research question: will there be an effect of IV on DV?
Hypothesis design:
Chi square
Active hypothesis: the data is consistent with a specific distribution
Null hypothesis: the data is not consistent with a specific distribution
Research question: will the data be consistent with a specific Distribution?
Hypothesis design:
One way anova
Active hypothesis: there will be a difference somewhere in DV scores when grouped by IV
Null hypothesis: there will not be a difference between DV scores when grouped by IV
Research question: will there be a difference somewhere in DV scores when grouped by IV?
Hypothesis design:
Correlation
Active hypothesis: there is a relationship between two variables.
Null hypothesis: there is not a relationship between two variables.
Research question: is there a relationship between two variables.
Internal validity:
Selection bias
The participant modifies their answer to support or challenge the hypothesis instead of being honest
Internal validity:
History
A world wide event happens that changed the entire samples experience
Internal validity:
Maturation
An individual changes in such a way that affects the data
Internal validity:
Repeated testing/testing effects
The participants end up scoring better on a task not because of an intervention but because by being tested they essentially were practicing
Internal validity:
Instrumentality
A problem with the actual measuring instrument occurs
