Final

Question 1

Short segment of DNA that determines rate a protein will be synth?

Answer 1

Enhancer

Question 2

Reticular Activation SX

Answer 2

Arousal, up and out

Question 3

HPA axis

Answer 3

hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis- stress

Question 4

Parietal Lobe

Answer 4

Hemispatial/ 3D

Question 5

Radialglia

Answer 5

House keepers

Question 6

Microglia

Answer 6

respond to injury/ phags

Question 7

Endothelial cells

Answer 7

BBB

Question 8

Biologists who use drugs to manipulate brain and behavior of subjects

Answer 8

Psychopharmacologists

Question 9

CSF

Answer 9

Bouys the brain, protective, connects the ventricular sx

Question 10

How to identify and differentiate brain regions

Answer 10

chemical production or composition, types of cells, function

Question 11

Astroglia

Answer 11

Regulate the outer environment, anchors, support

Question 12

Evolution—->

Answer 12

Genes + experience= O O+enviro= BEHAVIOUR

Question 13

Tectum

Answer 13

Midbrain, auditory and visual reflexes. Superior colliculus and inferior

Question 14

Tegmentum

Answer 14

substantia nigra- mvmt

Question 15

COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE

Answer 15

MRI, neural mechanisms of the human cognition, largely through the use of functional brain imaging

Question 16

Synaptic transmission

Answer 16

signaling molecules called neurotransmitters are released by a neuron (slower than AP)

Question 17

Temporal summation

Answer 17

synaptic events must occur closely enough in time to interact with one another

Question 18

Leukodystrophies

Answer 18

genetic abnormalities myelin sheath

Question 19

Subthreshold depolarization

Answer 19

potassium exiting exceeds sodium inflowing

Question 20

MAO, AChE and SERT

Answer 20

Terminate synaptic signals

Question 21

Autoreceptor

Answer 21

found on the presynaptic membrane

Question 22

Medulla

Answer 22

breathing, swallowing and heart rate.

Question 23

Hypothalmus

Answer 23

feeding, fleeing, fighting and Effing

Question 24

Excitatory Ions

Answer 24

Sodium and Calcium (salty almonds)

Question 25

Inhibitory

Answer 25

Potassium and Chloride (no one wants to eat a banana after its been in a pool)

Question 26

Post Central gyrus

Answer 26

Parietal Lobe- for touch

Question 27

Phases of AP

Answer 27

Rising, Falling, Relative Refractory/ hyperpolarization

Question 28

Biogenic amine NTs:

Answer 28

dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline)—and histamine and serotonin

Question 29

AA NTs

Answer 29

(EAA): L-Glutamate. (IAA): GABA

Question 30

Cerebellum

Answer 30

Motor coordination

Question 31

5 stages of ST

Answer 31

synth, prep for release, release, signal, termination

Question 32

Temporal Lobe

Answer 32

auditory, smelling, visual, memory

Question 33

Metatrophic

Answer 33

Mediates synaptic signals, Involves an enzyme, signalling cascade, slow, long lasting, conformational change

Question 34

Ionic

Answer 34

Ion Channel, fast, short lived, 4 or 5 protein

Question 35

Dopamine

Answer 35

``` Associated with mood Control of voluntary movement Reward mechanism in the brain Excessive amount=Schizophrenia Too little=Parkinson’s ```

Question 36

BBB

Answer 36

- finely tuned electrochemical organ - can be severely destroyed by the introduction of certain chemicals - mechanism stops the passage of toxins from the blood into the brain - cells f the brain are tightly packed so toxins can’t flow through creating a barrier - many CNS disorders are associated with damage in the BBB

Question 37

Agonist

Answer 37

produce stronger msgs/ more to promote ST

Question 38

Antagonist

Answer 38

produce smaller/fewer/ inhibit ST

Question 39

Alcohol

Answer 39

depressant, agonizes GABA and antagonizes Glutamate synapses

Question 40

Caffeine

Answer 40

stimulant, most commonly used

Question 41

Nicotine

Answer 41

Longest effects, stimulant

Question 42

Marijuana

Answer 42

THC agonizes Anadamide

Question 43

X-Ray

Answer 43

cheapest, shining light thru a body part

Question 44

Contrast X-Ray

Answer 44

cerebral angiography, radio opaque dye, good for finding brain annerisms

Question 45

CT/ CAT

Answer 45

shoots many x rays, many pictures, good for finding brain in normalities

Question 46

MRI

Answer 46

higher resolution than CAT. measurements of waves from Hydrogen atoms, when placed in a magnetic field. expensive/ special training

Question 47

PET

Answer 47

Images of brain activity, glucose, RYG, deeper than MEG

Question 48

EEG

Answer 48

Gross electrical activity with electrodes

Question 49

Why are some drugs legal and some not?

Answer 49

addictiveness, performance impairmants, adverse effects (all not always true)

Question 50

Synthesis (Agonist vs Antagonist)

Answer 50

Agonist- enhance synth (ex- L-Dopa Park)/ Antag-block or reduce synth (ex-AMPT in schiz AMPT antag Dopemine)

Question 51

Storage (Agonist vs Antagonist)

Answer 51

Agonists- NO/ Antag- block or reduce vesicles

Question 52

Release (Agonist vs Antagonist)

Answer 52

Agonists- promote release of NTs (ex latrotoxin)/ antagonist- blocks release of NTs (botulism)

Question 53

Signalling (Agonist vs Antagonist)

Answer 53

Agonists- activate NT receptors and/or enhance sensitivity Antag- block or reduce activation

Question 54

Termination (Agonist vs Antagonist)

Answer 54

Agonist- SSRI Antagonist-

Question 55

Sterotaxic surgery

Answer 55

gets coordinates in the brain, can insert an electrode

Question 56

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 56

dosage response curves

Question 57

MEG

Answer 57

so surface. measures changes in magnetic fields

Question 58

FMRI

Answer 58

detects changes in blood flow/ oxygen levels