Final

Question 1

the study of effective speaking and writing and the art of persuasion, division between what is communicated through language and how this is communicated

Answer 1

rhetoric

Question 2

the style and delivery of speech

Answer 2

lexis

Question 3

consideration of things or substance

Answer 3

res

Question 4

consideration of verbal expression

Answer 4

verba

Question 5

the equipment required to achieve the intended meaning or effect

Answer 5

ornament

Question 6

a speaker or writer tailors words to context and audiences towards some discernible result or effect

Answer 6

encompassing terms

Question 7

a speaker or writer takes into account the contingencies of a given place and time, and considers the opportunities within this specific context for words to be effective and appropriate to that moment

Answer 7

kairos

Question 8

takes into account how an audience shapes the composition of a text or responds to it

Answer 8

audience

Question 9

requiring one words and subject matter be aptly fit to each other, to the circumstances and occasion, the audience and the speaker

Answer 9

decorum

Question 10

encompassing terms (3)

Answer 10

kairos
audience
decorum

Question 11

serve analytical and generative purposes

Answer 11

canons of thetoric

Question 12

the discovery of ideas

Answer 12

invention

Question 13

organization of these ideas - deciding on the focus of introduction, body and conclusion, deciding where, in the course of a speech, to put the strongest argument

Answer 13

arrangement

Question 14

matter of finding and ordering words for clarity, correctness and effectiveness

Answer 14

style

Question 15

canons of rhetoric (5)

Answer 15

invention
arrangement
style
memory
delivery

Question 16

five encompassing concerns of style which relate style to grammar, audience, effective and affective appeals, the guiding principles of decorum and the importance of ornamenting language through figurative speech

Answer 16

virtues of style

Question 17

stylistic concerns within the rhetorical tradition (4)

Answer 17

virtues of style
levels of style
qualities of style
figures of speech

Question 18

virtues of style (5)

Answer 18

correctness
clarity
evidence
propriety
ornateness

Question 19

to move

Answer 19

high style or grand style

Question 20

to please

Answer 20

middle style

Question 21

to teach

Answer 21

low or plain style

Question 22

interpretive in nature and overlap broadly with figures of speech or the virtues and levels of style

Answer 22

qualities of style

Question 23

often associated with politics and public life, is the kind of rhetoric that tries to get people to do things or not do them

Answer 23

deliberative rhetoric

Question 24

deals with matters of accusation and defence

Answer 24

forensic rhetoric

Question 25

ceremonial

Answer 25

epideictic rhetoric

Question 26

inventional strategies

Answer 26

word cache/freewriting journalists' questions Burke's pentad tagmemics

Question 27

techniques or procedures for the exploration of ideas

Answer 27

heuristics

Question 28

five terms Burke's suggests for analyzing actions and human motives

Answer 28

``` act agent agency scene purpose ```

Question 29

the writer considers his or her subject first as particle, then wave, then field

Answer 29

tagmemics

Question 30

something static and defined

Answer 30

particle

Question 31

something that changes over time and space

Answer 31

wave

Question 32

something that is a context for other things - or something within context itself

Answer 32

field

Question 33

the argument from the character of the speaker

Answer 33

ethos

Question 34

the element of the speech that addresses the emotions of the audience

Answer 34

pathos

Question 35

"arguments themselves", the logical content of a speech

Answer 35

logos

Question 36

comes from outside the speech itself

Answer 36

extrinsic

Question 37

made in and by the speech itself

Answer 37

intrinsic

Question 38

arguments that move from general propositions to specific ones in order to make a claims of some sort

Answer 38

deductive arguments

Question 39

abbreviated version of a syllogism typically used in speech and writing when a deductive argument is what we want

Answer 39

enthymeme

Question 40

of course fido will love that bone; hes a dog

Answer 40

enthymeme

Question 41

arguments proceed from the specific case to the general one

Answer 41

inductive arguments

Question 42

three kinds of syllogisms

Answer 42

categorical hypothetical disjunctive

Question 43

major premise: all dogs love bones minor premise: fido is a dog conclusion: fido loves bones

Answer 43

categorical syllogisms

Question 44

if-then statement

Answer 44

hypothetical syllogism

Question 45

then statement

Answer 45

consequent

Question 46

if statement

Answer 46

antecedent

Question 47

either p or q, but not both

Answer 47

disjunctive syllogism

Question 48

"locations" you can use for exploring "the available means of persuasion"

Answer 48

topoi

Question 49

compare the number of working parents now to the number in 1950

Answer 49

past fact

Question 50

since well-organized group daycare can provide a stimulating environment for children, it should be available to more children

Answer 50

greater and lesser

Question 51

if daycare for those who can afford it means that x number of people can achieve meaningful employment, how many more people might be able to enter the workforce if we made daycare more affordable for everyone

Answer 51

a fortiori

Question 52

elaborate the options for parents and children for whom daycare is not available

Answer 52

opposites

Question 53

cite examples or on-site daycare to demonstrate what is possible

Answer 53

possible and impossible

Question 54

use interviews to demonstrate the positive consequences to parents and children of responsible daycare

Answer 54

consequences

Question 55

what is daycare?

Answer 55

definition

Question 56

cite Quebec legislation to compare the economics of the subsidized option with providing financial incentives to people who want to, and can, look after their own children during the day

Answer 56

comparison

Question 57

topos (8)

Answer 57

``` past fact greater and lesser a fortiori opposites possible and impossible consequences definition comparison ```

Question 58

where writers take an oppositional line and argue directly against the arguments of possible opponents

Answer 58

refutative or refutation

Question 59

writers anticipate the possible objections to specific arguments and build response to those objects into their essays

Answer 59

prolepsis

Question 60

"to the man" or "to the women"

Answer 60

ad hominem; ad feminem

Question 61

type of argument that falsely shifts the ground of debate, or changes the subject without seeming

Answer 61

red herrings

Question 62

i wouldn't believe anything that doctor says about smoking; shes a heavy smoker herself

Answer 62

red herrings

Question 63

"to the people"

Answer 63

ad populum

Question 64

plays on the listeners tendency or desire to do what other people are doing

Answer 64

bandwagon

Question 65

stirs emotion in people by using terma that are very positively loaded or very negatively loaded

Answer 65

glittering terms

Question 66

appeal to pity

Answer 66

argumentum as misericordiam

Question 67

assumes as a premise a point that has yet to be proven; the absence of the proof is frequently deliberate

Answer 67

begging the question

Question 68

assert their premise as their argument and they usually do so through assuming the listener is already in agreement with an embedded premise

Answer 68

circular argument

Question 69

each analogy and each truncated analogy seen in the form of a metaphor, needs investigation to see if the comparison being made actually works

Answer 69

false analogy

Question 70

when the sources are not qualified as authorities in the particular case

Answer 70

false authority

Question 71

presents to the listener with two mutually exclusive options, as the only options available

Answer 71

false dilemma (false alternatives)

Question 72

fallacy of induction, to generalize too quickly is often to draw conclusions based on insufficient data

Answer 72

hasty generalization

Question 73

conclusions drawn from insufficient or insufficiently relevant premises, they usually indicate a gap in reasoning

Answer 73

non sequiturs

Question 74

seeks to discount what someone has to say, whether or not it is logically valid or truthful, by suggesting a priori that the author's association with some person, group or behaviour means the author cannot be trusted, and therefore neither can the argument

Answer 74

poisoning the well (association error)

Question 75

"after this, therefore because of this", fallacy of correlation and causation

Answer 75

post hoc ergo propter hoc

Question 76

"with this, therefore because of this", involves a false attribution of causation which suggests that because two things happen at the same time one causes the other

Answer 76

com hoc error

Question 77

suggests false consequences, one act will supposedly inevitably lead to a whole host of other acts

Answer 77

slippery slope

Question 78

the arguer unwilling to engage with a complex opposing position, will reinterpret the opposing position as more extreme or even entirely different than it actually is in order to argue against it more convincingly

Answer 78

straw arguments

Question 79

ad hominem: ad feminam (1)

Answer 79

red herrings

Question 80

ad populum (3)

Answer 80

bandwagon glittering terms argumentum as misericordiam

Question 81

post hoc ergo propter hoc (1)

Answer 81

com hoc error

Question 82

rhetorical fallacies (13)

Answer 82

ad hominem; ad feminam ad populum begging the question circular argument false analogy false authority false dilemma (false alternatives) hasty generalization non sequiturs poisoning the well (association error) post hoc ergo propter hoc slippery slope straw arguments