Final Flashcards
(91 cards)
Sexuality
Erotic desires, sexual practices, or sexual orientation
A society’s system of sexual norms function as
Moral and emotional controls over sexual behaviour
Culture & sexuality 3 points:
- All societies have sexual cultures and codes of sexual practices as complex as our own
- Sexuality must be understood as part of the total social system
- Sexual behaviours vary
Highly sexually permissive cultures
Mangaia of South Pacific
Least permissive cultures
Inis Beag of Ireland
Some cultures view kissing as
Unnatural, an unhygienic repulsive habit
Homosexuality (western model)
- As a sexual orientation, homosexuality is an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions primarily or exclusively to people of the same sex;
- also refers to a person’s sense of identity based in those attractions, related behaviours, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions
Homosexuality (non-western model)
- Many cultures lack categories or general concepts that cover the meaning of the contemporary western notion of homosexuality
- societal attitudes towards same sex relationships haves varied over time & place
- 12% preindustrial cultures reported no concept of homosexuality
Ford & Beach 1951
- Same- gender sexual relations were considered acceptable and normative in certain people at certain times in the life cycle in 64% of the 77 societies studied
- most often older boys/ men acting as mentors to younger boys
- part life cycle that includes exclusive heterosexuality, marriage, and children later
Sambia- Papua New Guniea
- sex can never be isolated from larger social context of family, kinship, religion, and community
- various rituals
- nature provides men’s genitals but initiation ritual crucial to becoming a man and maintains manliness
Sambia stages of rituals
- 7-10; nosebleed ritual
- 11-13 tee purification
- 14-16 puberty rite, kill
- +1 year marriage
- Wife’s first menstruation; separate home
- Birth of first child; full manhood after 2nd child
Semen Sambia
- Semen is an elixir of life, a vital constituent of growth and well- being, and a necessary means for the production of masculinity
- must be ACQUIRED
Nosebleed rituals- Sambia
- boys eliminate feminine blood
- other rituals replace the feminine substance with the substance that makes them men (semen)
What are all Sambian males first sexual relations?
- With boys
- later with woman as part of their socially sanctioned life cycle
Pre colonial Azande
Azande Boy-wives:
- bride wealth
- unavailability of marriageable women
- adultery severely punished
What 3 things does sexuality overlap with in the chart?
- marriage
- religion
- reproduction
Uganda
- anti homosexuality law 2014
- jail counselling LGBT & those HIV & AIDS
- several nations review development aid to Uganda
- world bank froze loan health care
Call me Kuchu
- Uganda
Africa & same sex marriages
- historical & anthropological evidence
- variety same sex marriages
- current homophobic attitudes fats from colonial period (British empire)
Homosexuality Uganda today
- gay marriage is illegal & its criminal to engage in same-sex sexual acts
- homosexuality largely invisible; most don’t want to know anything about homosexuality
- strict modest codes, taboos about open discussion of sex or sexuality, prohibition sexual displays
Newspapers Uganda
- capitalize homosexual issues
- become competitively sensationalist
- make look like magazine
- the government uses it; moral compass
Uganda life
High unemployment rates, below- average wages, high taxes, high food prices, poor health care, civil war in north
Government in Uganda
- deflect attention away from their issues by creating “the other”
- instead blaming political mismanagement and corruption focus is shifted to “the vice of homosexuality” and the “evil of prostitution”
Rural economy interconnected with
- Marriage, kinship, and -reproduction
- social status family rests on production children- secure inheritance & land; children take care elders-> gay people do not reproduce or marry
- LGBT people believed to test the well being of the family, perceived as putting more importance on self than on community