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1
Q

Classification taxons

A

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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2
Q

The Six Kingdoms and examples

A

Eubacteria: Streptococcus, Archaebacteria: Halophiles, Protista: Giant Kelp, Fungi: Mushrooms, Plantae: Ferns, Animalia, Mammals

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3
Q

Differences between antibiotics, disinfectants, and vaccines

A

Vaccine: preparation of weakened or killed pathogens, when injected they can produce immunity to a certain disease. Antibiotics: compounds that block growth and reproduction of bacteria.
Disinfectants: chemical solutions that kill pathogenic bacteria.

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4
Q

Lytic infection cycle

A

Bacteriophage infects DNA into bacterium- bacteriophage DNA forms a circle- bacteriophage takes over bacterium’s metabolism, causing synthesis of new bacteriophage proteins and nucleic acids- bacteriophage proteins and nucleic acids assemble into complete bacteriophage particles- bacteriophage enzyme lysed the bacterium’s cell wall, releasing new bacteriophage particles that can attack other cells.

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5
Q

Know phototrophic and chemotrophic autotrophs and heterotrophs

A

Chemoheterotrophs: must take in organic molecules for energy and a supply of carbon
Photoheterotrophs: photosynthetic, uses light for energy, needs organic compounds for a source of carbon
Photoautotrophs: uses light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water to carbon compounds and oxygen
Chemoautotrophs: make organic molecules from carbon dioxide, doesn’t require light, energy comes from chemical reactions

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6
Q

Differences in flowers that are pollenized by different things

A

Pollen carried by bees, animals, or wind

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7
Q

Evergreens

A

Retain their leaves throughout the year

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8
Q

Differences between monocot and dicots petals

A

Monocot petals are multiples or three, dicots are multiples of four or five

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9
Q

Gymnosperms and angiosperms

A

Gymnosperms- conifers (pines and spruce)

Angiosperms- grasses, all flowers and flowering trees

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10
Q

Characteristics of trees with naked seeds

A

Cone bearers

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11
Q

Characteristics of tracheophytes

A

True vascular tissues, strong roots, creeping or underground stems (rhysomes) and large leaves (fronds)

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12
Q

Prothalliium

A

Flat, green, heart shaped, beginning stages of a fern

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13
Q

Tracheid

A

Keys cells in xylem- a transport subsystem that carries water upward from roots and all parts of plant

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14
Q

Vertebrates

A

Animals with a backbone

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15
Q

Osculum

A

Large hole at the top of a sponge where water exits

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16
Q

Cnidarians

A

Soft bodied, carnivorous animals with stinging tentacles arranged in circles around the mouth, simplest animals to have symmetry and specialized tissues.

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17
Q

Phyla and classes of this chapter

A

Phylum: Porifera (sponges)

Phylum: Cnidaria
Scyphozoa, jellyfishes
Hydrozoa, hydras and their relatives
Anthozoa, sea anemones and corals

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18
Q

Sponges, corals, and sea anemones

A

Sponges:
Multicellular, heterotrophic, no cell walls, a few specialized cells

Corals and sea anemones:
Colonial, flower animals

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19
Q

Radula

A

Flexible, tongue shaped structure used by snails and slugs to feed

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20
Q

Examples of cephalopods

A

Octopi, squids, cuttlefishes, and nautiluses

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21
Q

Visceral mass

A

Internal organs of mollusks

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22
Q

Gastropods

A

Ponds snails, land slugs, sea butterflies, sea hares, limpets and nudibranchs
Shell less or single shelled mollusks that move by using a muscular foot

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23
Q

Characteristics of the phylum Annelida

A

Body divided into segments, separated internal walls (septa) some segments have eyes, antennae, other sense organs, some have bristles called state on each segment, worms with a true coelom

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24
Q

Phyla of this chapter

A

Platyhelminthes- flatworms
Nematoda- roundworms
Annelida- Annelida
Mollusks- mollusks

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25
Chelicerates (know specific ones and their characteristics)
Mouthparts called chelicerae and two body sections, most have 4 pairs of walking legs- no antennae, bodies divided into cephalothorax and abdomen. Cephalothorax: brain, eyes, mouth, walking legs. Abdomen: internal organs. Horseshoe crabs, spiders, ticks, scorpions.
26
Crustacea (know specific ones and their characteristics)
Primarily aquatic, typically have two pairs of antennae, two or three, body sections, and chewing mouthparts (mandibles). Crabs, shrimps, lobsters, crayfishes, and barnacles
27
Uniramia (know specific ones and their characteristics)
Have jaws, one pair of antennae and unbranded appendages. Centipedes and millipedes- long wormlike bodies composed of many leg bearing segments. Insects- compact three part bodies- most adapted for flight.
28
Mouthparts of chelicerates
Chelicerae contain fangs to stab and paralyze prey, pedipalps to grab prey.
29
Centipedes
Centipedes: a few to more than one hundred pairs of legs, most body segments have one pair each, carnivores, venomous claws that are part of their mouth, live under rocks or in soil, and they have spiricles that cannot close, their exoskeleton is not waterproof.
30
Millipedes
Highly segmented body, two pairs of legs per segments, herbivores, live under rocks and decaying logs, timid, roll into a ball to protect their tummies, secrete a toxic waste to keep enemies away.
31
Complete metamorphosis stages
Eggs- larvae- pupa- adult
32
Crustaceans third pair of appendages
Mandibles for biting and grinding food
33
Parts of the water vascular system
System of internal tubes filled with fluid, carries out many essential body functions, a sievelike structure called the madreporite, a ring canal, tubefoot,
34
Characteristics of echinoderms
No anterior or posterior ends, lacks cephalization, most bodies are two sided, mouth side is called oral side, the opposite side is called aboral, spiny skin, internal skeleton, water vascular system, suction cuplike structures, called tubefeet, most have five part radial symmetry.
35
Chordates
An animal that has for atleast some stage of its life, dorsal hollow nerve chord, a notochord, pharyngeal pouches, a tail that extends beyond the anus.
36
Vertebrate (chordates)
96% of chordate are vertebrates, most vertebrates have a backbone, dorsal hollow nerve called spinal cord,
37
Invertebrate (chordates)
A chordate with no backbone
38
Tunicates (chordates)
A type of invertebrate
39
Swim bladder
Internal gas filled organ that adjusts buoyancy.
40
Notochord
Long supporting rod that runs through the body below the nerve cord.
41
Parts of the fish brain and what they control
Cerebrum, processes sense of smell Cerebellum, coordinates body movements Medulla oblongata, controls the functioning of many internal organs.
42
Chondrichthyes
Sharks, Rays, skates, some uncommon fishes such as sawfishes and chimaeras
43
Lateral lines
Sensitive receptors in fish that detect gentle currents and vibrations in the the water.
44
Kidneys of fish
They filter waste out of the blood.
45
Crop
Stores and moistens food
46
Gizzard
Grinds food
47
Types of feathers
Contour and down
48
Reptile adaptations that help them survive on land
Well developed lungs, double loop circulatory system, water conserving excretory system, strong limbs, internal fertilization, shelled terrestrial eggs, control body Temperature by moving to a different location
49
Orders of reptile
Squamata: snakes and lizards Crocodilians- crocodiles and alligators Testudines: turtles and tortoises Sphenodonta: tuataras
50
Cloaca
Muscular cavity that wastes, urine, eggs, sperm leave the body through.
51
Air sacs
Place where most of the air goes when birds inhale, one way
52
Dorsal part of the turtles shell
Carapace
53
Bird bones
Long bones a exceptionally long and light, crossbracing called struts, and air spaces
54
Parts of the mammal brains and there function
Cerebrum: thinking and learning Cerebellum: muscular coordination Medulla oblongata: regulates involuntary functions such as breathing and heart rate Cerebral cortex: center of thinking and other complex behaviors.
55
What makes a mammal a mammal?
Hair, mammary glands, breathe air, 4 chambered hearts, endotherms
56
Grazing animals digestion organs
Stomach chamber called the rumen
57
Why are egg laying mammals still considered mammals?
The young are still nourished by their mothers milk.
58
What muscles makes the chest cavity expand?
Chest muscles and the diaphragm
59
Nocturnal
Animals that are awake and feed at night.
60
Orders of placental
``` Insectivora- hedgehog Chiroptera- vampire bat Primates- human Xenarthra- armadillo Lagomorpha- rabbit Rodentia- rat Cetacea- whale Carnivora- bear Proboscidea- Asian elephant Sirenia- manatee Perissodactyla- zebra Artiodactyla- antelope ```
61
Examples of marsupials
Kangaroos, koalas, wallabies, wombats.
62
Teeth of a blue whale
Huge stiffened plates called baleen.
63
Gestation period
Period of time between fertilization and birth.
64
Angiosperm
Flowering plants bear seeds within a layer of tissue that protects the seed.
65
Anterior
Front
66
Chordate
Member of the phylum Chordata, at some point in their lifecycle have a dorsal hollow nerve chord, Notochord, pharyngeal pouches and a muscular tail.
67
Dorsal
Fin of the back of a fish. (Top)
68
Facultative anaerobes
An organism that can survive with or without oxygen.
69
Gametangia
Gamete producing structure found in mold.
70
Gymnosperms
Plants reproduce with seeds that are exposed (naked seed)
71
Hyphae
Tiny filaments that make up multicellular fungus or water mold.
72
Motile
An organism that can move around
73
Mycelium
Many hyphae tangled into a thick mass. "The roots"
74
Nematocyst
Stinging structure within each cnidocyte of a cnidarian used to poison or kill prey.
75
Notochord
Long supporting rod that runs through a chordate's body just below the nerve cord.
76
Obligate anaerobes
Organisms that cannot live in the presence of oxygen
77
Ovoviviparous
Animals whose young are born alive after developing in eggs inside the mothers body
78
Phloem
Vascular tissue responsible for the transport of nutrients and carbs produced by photosynthesis.
79
Posterior
Back
80
Prion
Infectious particle made up of protein rather than RNA or DNA
81
Rhizoids
In fungi, a rootlike hypha that penetrates the surface of an object. In mosses a long thin cell that anchors the moss to the ground and absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
82
Rumen
Stomach chamber in cows which newly swallowed plant food is stored and processed
83
Sessile
Spends their life attached to a single spot.
84
Stolons
In fungi a stemlike hypha that runs along the surface of an object, in plants a long trailing stem that produces roots when it touches the ground
85
Ventral
Bottom
86
Viroid
Single stranded RNA molecule that has no surrounding capsids
87
Viviparous
Term referring to animals that bear live young that are nourished directly by their mother's body as they develop
88
Xylem
Vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant.
89
Mammal orders
``` Monotremata- duckbill platypus Marsupialia- kangaroo Insectivora- hedgehog Chiroptera- vampire bat Primates- human Xenarthra- armadillo Lagomorpha- rabbit Rodentia- rat Cetacea- whale Carnivora- bear Proboscidea- Asian elephant Sirenia- manatee Perissodactyla- zebra Artiodactyla- antelope ```

Biology Final (1 decks)

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