FINAL

Question 1

According to the Rundell et al article, a framework was created to help rehabilitation professionals better understand and assess value in health care. Which of the following is not one of the objectives of the framework.

Answer 1

health and economic outcomes are often used to assess the basic components of value.

Question 2

According to the Rundell et al article, ____________ (two words and spelling counts) are current and future monetary expenditures occurring from the implementation of an intervention or program.

Answer 2

direct costs

Question 3

According to the Rundell et al article, stakeholders include (Select all that apply).

Answer 3

patients, caregivers, payers

Question 4

True or false:

According to the Rundell et al article, Definitions of value may vary depending on the perspectives of stakeholders.

Answer 4

true

Question 5

From the Hartnett article, the Children’s Online Privacy and Protection Act (COPPA) mandates parental permission if subjects under the age of ________ are being recruited and provide identifiable information.

Answer 5

13

Question 6

From the Hartnett article, which recommendation from the bioethics commission on incidental findings recommends clinicians should consider providing patients with decision aids and graphical representations.

Answer 6

7

Question 7

From the Hartnett article, which recommendation from the bioethics commission on incidental findings recommends public and private entities should prepare educational materials to inform all stakeholders? This includes IRB’s.

Answer 7

4

Question 8

True or false: From the Hartnett article, the IRB can grant a waiver of parental permission regardless of the age of the majority, if the research meets the requirements for a waiver.

Answer 8

true

Question 9

According to Califf et al., population clinical data sets for research present a number of challenges. Which of the following (according to the article) is not a challenge?

Answer 9

current EHR user interfaces help or hinder patient outcomes.

Question 10

True or false: According to Califf et al., the Collaboratory Coordinating Center will assist these projects, developing a national repository of knowledge about pragmatic trials using integrated health care delivery systems and EHRs only.

Answer 10

false

Question 11

According to the Young article, the _________ (two words and spelling counts) refines the search by the user selecting only relevant articles whereas the robust form refines the search by the user identifying relevant MeSH terms.

Answer 11

local form

Question 12

True or false:
According to the Young article, searches are refined by combining three or more MeSH terms together by the Boolean operators, ‘AND’, ‘OR’ and ‘NOT’.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

According to the Young article, _________ (spelling counts) is a bibliographic database produced by the National Library of Medicine (NLM).

Answer 13

MEDLINE

Question 14

According to the Young article, another name for the Arrowsmith two node search strategy is also know as the ___________ (two words and spelling counts).

Answer 14

ABC Model

Question 15

True or false:

According to the Young article, refining searches is a critical component in retrieving the optimal number of articles.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

True or false: There are two prevention trials, action studies and agent studies. Action studies take something where by focusing on taking certain vitamins, minerals or medications.

Answer 16

false

Question 17

According to the Belmont Report, protection for the vulnerable population is which guiding principle?

Answer 17

?

Question 18

true or false:

The introduction of an article provides the overall issue or problem being test.

Answer 18

true

Question 19

Which of the following may not require IRB review

Answer 19

?

Question 20

true or false:
The definition of human subject according to the US Health and Human Services is a living individual about whom an investigator conducting research obtains data.

Answer 20

true

Question 21

_____________ trials involve giving a participant a particular treatment in accordance with clinical practice.

Answer 21

?

Question 22

true or false:

Systematic reviews are considered the weakest and lowest quality of evidence.

Answer 22

false

Question 23

true or false:Experimental population addresses to whom will the results of the study be applicable

Answer 23

false

Question 24

true or false: MeSH descriptors are arranged in only hierarchical structure.

Answer 24

false

Question 25

true or false: EBP is "the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients."

Answer 25

true

Question 26

According to the Cooke et al (2013) article, electronic medical records have ________ clinical detail.

Answer 26

high

Question 27

According to the Cooke et al (2013) article, what is the main limitation of many registries that collect data for quality improvement efforts?

Answer 27

use of volunteers

Question 28

true or false:According to the Cooke et al (2013) article, often a single dataset may provide only part of the information that is necessary to conduct a successful analysis

Answer 28

true

Question 29

true or false: According to the Cooke et al (2013) article, investigators who employ secondary data to answer clinical questions can capitalize on several of its advantages compared with primary data

Answer 29

true

Question 30

List two limitations of secondary data

Answer 30

lack of availability, inaccuracy

Question 31

Which of the following is considered a secondary source?:

Answer 31

all of the above

Question 32

Which of the following is not an advantages of Secondary Data

Answer 32

less timely

Question 33

(three words and spelling counts) recruit participants based on their membership in a well-defined source population, then follow them forward in time.

Answer 33

longitudinal cohort study

Question 34

(three words and spelling counts) use baseline information collected at some point in the past and follow the cohort to another point in the past or to the present.

Answer 34

retrospective cohort study

Question 35

true or false:nformation bias is where participants must complete the different assessments of exposure and disease at baseline

Answer 35

false

Question 36

true or false: Incidence rate is the number of previous cases of disease in a population during a specified period of time divided by the total number of persons in the population who were at risk during that period

Answer 36

false

Question 37

true or false: Recruiting based on exposure status makes retrospective and prospective cohort studies the optimal study approaches for uncommon exposures

Answer 37

true

Question 38

[a] risk = [b] risk (AR) = the absolute difference in the incidence rate between the exposed population and the unexposed population

Answer 38

attributable

Question 39

_________________(three words and spelling counts) = the proportion of incident cases among the exposed that are due to the exposure/

Answer 39

attributable risk percent

Question 40

In a longitudinal study all participants start the study at the same time and no one is allowed to join later is known as a ______ (two words and spelling counts) population.

Answer 40

fixed population

Question 41

____________ (three words and spelling counts) collect baseline data about exposures and outcomes in the present and follow the cohort to some point in the future.

Answer 41

prospective cohort study

Question 42

case control studies utilized what key statistical measure?

Answer 42

odd ratio

Question 43

true or false: Researchers must develop strategies that minimize the burden of participation and that maximize interest in continuing to participate.

Answer 43

true

Question 44

group of similar people followed through time together.

Answer 44

cohort