Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

RUSVM Physiology 1 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

(56 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Action potential

A

Electrical impulses in nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Afferent nerve

A 
Information from tissues to CNS 
No dendrites (only sensory receptor), unipolar neuron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Interneurons

A

Between sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)
Within the spinal cord
Usually multipolar neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Efferent neuron

A

Nerve impulse from CNS to peripheral tissue

Multipolar neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Somatic nervous system is under ___________ control of __________ muscle

A

Voluntary; skeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Exteroceptors

A

Information about external environment in form of touch, temp, sight, smell, taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscle and joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Interceptors

A

Monitor digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, and reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What two properties must a neuron have?

A

Excitability- ability to respond to a stimulus

Conductivity- ability to transmit a signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of a neurotubule?

A

Intracellular transport of proteins and other substances in both directions between cell body and end the cell processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a neurofilament?

A

Skeletal framework for the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dendrite

A

Threadlike cytoplasmic projections which are actually extensions of the cell body
Conduct nerve impulses toward the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A neuron axons originates from the____________

A

Axon hillock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the site called where the nerve impulse is initiated and lies immediately after axon hillock

A

Initial segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The fine extensions at the end of an axon are _____________ which end in tiny swellings called ___________________________

A

Telodendron

Terminal buttons/boutons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The junction between end bulb and the axon/cell body/dendrite

A

Synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The lipid sheath surrounding a neuron is __________? Made up of ______________ cells in PNS and ____________ cells in CNS.
What is the purpose of this lipid sheath?

A

Myelin
Schwaan cells
Oligodendrocytes
Increase speed of nerve impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the functional segments of a neuron

A

Receptive segment
Initial segment -trigger zone for action potential
Conductive segment
Transmission segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What facilitates slow axonal transport and what is being transported?

A

Peristaltic waves of axon membrane
Requires ATP

Transport of materials necessary to maintain axon and dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What facilitates fast axonal transport and what is carried?

A

Convey neurotransmitter vesicles down neurotubles, requires ATP
Anterograde or retrograde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Anterograde transport

A

Material transported form cell body along axon to axon terminal
Kinesin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Retrograde Transport

A

Material returned to cell body where it is degraded or recycled.
Dyenin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Neural reflex

Study These Flashcards
A

Sensory fibers deliver info to CNS and motor fibers carry motor commands to peripheral effectors

24
Q

Endocrine reflex

Study These Flashcards
A

Stimulus trigger production of a hormone which leads to a reduction in magnitude of a stimulus

25
Spinal reflex
Spinal cord is integrating center eg. Contracting muscle pulls hand away form a painful stimulus Negative control mechanism: corrective mechanism that opposes variation from normal limits
26
Cranial reflex
Sense stimulus and control output | Eg. Cranial nerve II (optic) detects light changes -> brainstem and cranial nerve III adjusts pupil diameter
27
Monosynaptic reflex
Most simple reflex | Sensory neuron directly synapse on motor neuron
28
Stretch reflex
Sensory nerve ->spinal cord -> motor neuron -> effector organ Large myelinated type A fibers Eg. Oppose sudden changes in muscle fibe length (maintain normal skeletal muscle)
29
Polysynaptic reflex
One or more interneurons synapse with sensory and motor neurons Produce more complicated responses because the interneurons can control several different groups
30
Ligand gated channels
Opened by ligand (drug) | eg norepinephrine
31
Voltage gated ion channels
Change in voltage across the membrane causes opening of ion channels
32
What maintains the resting ion potential
Na+ K+ pump | Primary active transport (uses ATP)
33
Describe ion flow during an action potential
1. Na channels open allowing Na into cell 2. K channels open and K leaves cell 3. Na channels close and no more Na enters the cell 4. K continues to leave cell (cell membrane returns to resting potential) 5. K channels close and Na channels reset 6. Extra K outside diffuses away
34
Polarization
Membrane has potential/ separation of opposite charges
35
Depolarization
Membrane potential becomes less negative
36
Repolarization
Return of the membrane to resting potential after having being depolarized
37
Hyperpolarization
Membrane potential becomes more negative
38
Threshold potential
Membrane potential at which occurrence of the AP is inevitable
39
Saltatory conduction
nerves are exposed at nodes of Ranvier in myelin sheath | Sodium channels are concentrated here and AP travels from node to node
40
Refractory period
Period in which action potential cannot be generated (cause unidirectional propagation of AP) Absolute/ Relative
41
Graded (local) potential
Change in resting membrane potential | Confined to a small region of the plasma membrane -> conducted with decreasing intensity
42
Describe the process of neurotransmitter release
Voltage gated Ca2+ channels open Ca2+ enters cell and signals vesicle release Vesicles exocytose Neurotransmitter diffuses across the membrane
43
How can neurotransmitter be removed from the synaptic cleft
Diffuse away Inactivated by specific enzymes within postsynaptic membrane Actively reabsorbed into pre-synaptic membrane
44
How is norepinephrine removed from the synaptic cleft
Diffuses away or recaptured in ATP dependent uptake system (monoamine oxidase or catecho-o-methyltransferase)
45
How is acetylcholine removed from the synaptic cleft
ACh is split into acetic acid and choline by acetylcholinesterase
46
Describe an electrical synapse
In cardiac muscle through gap junctions at intercalated discs Fast conduction of AP
47
Excitatory post synaptic potential
Response to neurotransmitter binding is opening of Na channels on postsynaptic membrane (depolarization) Norepi , Epi, Glutamate, and ACh
48
Inhibitory post synaptic potential
Response to neurotransmitter binding is opening of Cl- channels in postsynaptic membrane -> hyperpolarization Glycine and ACh
49
What is summation?
Combination of postsynaptic signals (temporal or spacial )
50
Temporal Summation
Excitatory post synaptic potential occurring in close succession Excessive firing of single presynaptic neurons
51
Spacial summation
Excitatory postsynaptic potential originating simultaneously from several presynaptic inputs
52
Cancellation summation
Inhibitory and Excitatory post synaptic potentials offset each other
53
Neurotransmitter
Chemical compound released by one neuron to affect the membrane potential of postsynaptic cell
54
Neuromodulator
Chemical that adjusts the sensitivities of another cell to specific neurotransmitters
55
Presynaptic inhibition
Decreased amount of neurotransmitter released form presynaptic terminal
56
Presynaptic facilitation
Increase amount of neurotransmitter released form presynaptic terminal

RUSVM Physiology 1 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions