Final

Question 1

Apraxia

Answer 1

Ideomotor: unable to complete activity at will

Ideational: inability to comprehend the concept of movement or execute the act automatically or in response to a command

Constructional: deficit in the ability to copy, draw, or construct a design.

Question 2

Types ofAttention (6)

Answer 2

Focused Attention

Sustained Attention

Selective Attention

Alternating Attention

Divided Attention

Concentration

Question 3

Sustained Attention

Answer 3

Vigilance; maintaining attention for a long time

Question 4

Focused Attention

Answer 4

Ability to respond to different kinds of stimulation

Question 5

Selective Attention

Answer 5

Activating and inhibiting responses selectively

Question 6

Concentration Attention

Answer 6

Ability to do mental work while attending

Question 7

Divided Attention

Answer 7

Ability to do several things at once

Question 8

Alternating Attention

Answer 8

Alternating back and forth between mental tasks

Question 9

Low Vision Environmental Factors and Adaptions

Answer 9

Lighting

Contrast

Color

Pattern

Print Size

Working distance

Clock Method Eating

Question 10

Low Vision Mobility Compensatory Strategies

Answer 10

Sighted Guiding

Hand Trailing

Protective Techniques

Assistance Animals

Question 11

Low Vision Devices

Answer 11

Blind Cane

Braille and Talking Watches

Check Writing Guide

Talking Prescription Recorder

Low Vision Magnifier

Question 12

Fatigue and MS

Answer 12

Primary MS Fatigue- directly due to MS disease process. Causation is poorly understood

Fatigue due to poor sleep- often related to muscle spasms, depression, or urinary problems

Fatigue due to depression

Nerve fiber or motor fatigue- probably related to inefficient nerve conduction

Fatigue due to impairments, such as weakness and spasticity

Fatigue secondary to medication side effects or infection

Question 13

MS Energy Conservation

Answer 13

Decrease prolonged standing and walking

Take rest breaks

Teach the client about the relationship between increased body temp and increased fatigue

Maintain cooler body temperature (layering clothing, eliminating hot showers, sitting when showering, using a cooling vest when walking or active)

Shift important activities to the morning, use appropriate equipment

Question 14

Stages of Cancer

Answer 14

Stage I: localized to one region

Stage II: spreads to adjacent area

Stage III: spreads to another organ

Stage IV: multiple organs/systems

Question 15

Tremors

Answer 15

Intentional: tremor presents while performing an activity

Resting: tremor at rest

OT focus on proximal stabilization and support

Question 16

Functional Capacity Evaluation

Answer 16

Objective assessment of an individual’s ability to perform work-related activity

Used to set goals for rehab and return to work, asses residual work capacity, and determine disability status

Question 17

Types of MS

Answer 17

Relapsing Remitting: acute attack, then some degree of recovery. Another attack may/not happen

Secondary Progressive: follow relapse/remit then a progressive decline

Primary Progressive: progressive decline w/o remitting

Progressive Relapsing: progressive w/acute decline

Question 18

Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 18

Slow progressive disease of the nervous system

Caused by degeneration of neurons in the substantia nigra, resulting in damage to the basal ganglia

Question 19

HIV

Answer 19

Retrovirus that results in a gradual deterioration of the immune system

Attacks T-cells, specialized cells that direct the immune response

Question 20

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS)

Answer 20

Progressive deterioration of motor neurons affecting voluntary muscle control

Question 21

Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 21

Progressive, slow deterioration of brain tissue resulting in decreased cognitive abilities including language and memory deficits, disturbances in the sense of time and place, personality changes , and emotional instability

Question 22

Decrease Isolation in Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 22

Education on importance of timing act. with meds

Modification of leisure act. to encourage participation

Info on support and advocacy groups

Caregiver training for modifying communication and social activities

Writing modifications, including enlarged felt-tip pen and writing when rested

Communication aides: speed dial, large-key telephones, dictating devices, etc

Providing home exercise program to maintain facial movement and expression.

Question 23

Signs of Nerve Degeneration

Answer 23

Skin Appearance

Primitive Protective Sensation

Paresthesia

Scattered points of Sweating

Discriminative Sensation

Muscle Tone

Voluntary Muscle Function

Question 24

Initiation

Answer 24

executive function; the ability to begin a task without undue procrastination,

Question 25

Expected outcomes following a work hardening program

Answer 25

Successful return to work (full or modified duty) transitional work/modified-duty programs, maximize client’s work capacity

Question 26

Work Simplification

Answer 26

• Changing the time when tasks are performed
• Modifying work hours
• Voice activated software
• Using conference calls, e-mail, powered mobility, changing to an office near a bathroom

Question 27

Common Home Modifications

Answer 27

Chairs that allows them to maintain feet on floor with knees flexed at 90.

Automatic lift chairs

Commonly used items should be placed in easy access area to avoid excessive bending & twisting

Walker fitted with basket carrying items

Elevator installation, stair glide, stall shower, ramp.

Raised toilet seats or bsc

Question 28

Stages of Alzheimer’s DIsease

Answer 28

Stage 1: No cognitive impairment

Stage 2: Very mild cognitive decline (complains of memory loss or word finding)

Stage 3: Mild decline

Stage 4: Moderate cognitive decline

Stage 5: Moderately severe cognitive decline

Stage 6: Severe cognitive decline

Stage 7: very severe cognitive decline

Question 29

Progressive Resistive (PRE)

Answer 29

Overload principle: muscles perform more efficiently if given a warm-up, must be taxed beyond usual daily activity to improve strength, can start at low weight, then increase

Question 30

Cataracts

Answer 30

A cloudiness of the lens of the eye that dulls color and visual detail

Question 31

Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 31

A diabetic complication that is caused by damage to the blood vessels of light-sensitive tissue in the retina

May cause floating spots or dark strings, blurred vision, fluctuating vision, impaired color vision, dark or empty areas in vision, or vision loss.

Question 32

Hemianopsia

Answer 32

Loss of visual field in the corresponding right or left half in each eye

Question 33

Macular Degeneration

Answer 33

deterioration of the eye’s macular. commonly age related. causes loss of central vision.

Symptoms include: loss of contrast, issues with glare, difficulty differentiating blue from black, and needing more light to see.

Question 34

Glaucoma

Answer 34

Damage to optic nerve, usually from increase pressure in the eye.

Peripheral or side vision loss occurs first, then central vision as disease progresses.

Question 35

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 35

deficiency of platelets in the blood causing bleeding into the tissues, bruises, and slow clotting after injury

Question 36

Anemia

Answer 36

a condition marked by a deficiency of RBCs or hemoglobin

Question 37

Alopecia

Answer 37

hair loss

Question 38

Peripheral Neuropathy

Answer 38

diminished or heightened sensory awareness, particularly in hands or feet

Question 39

Hypoesthesia

Answer 39

a reduced sense of touch or sensation (numbness)

Question 40

Hyperesthesia

Answer 40

an abnormal increase in sensitivity to stimuli