final Flashcards
(52 cards)
Corporal Punishment
punishments involving direct harm to the human body
William Penn
Developed the first American prison system
William Penn and the Quakers
very concerned with finding a better way to deal with torture; ordered houses of corrections to be built; imprisonment at hard labor and moderate flogging with restitution
Auburn System
sometimes called tier system; based on fear of punishment and silent confinement; congregate work conditions; separate and silent conditions at night
Reformatory Movement
late 1800s; rehab was best purpose; Zebulon Brockway was the warden of Elmira Reformatory in New York (first to employ this approach); advocate indeterminate sentences
Rehabilitation Model
1950s-1960s; based on medical model; emphasized need to restore an offender to a constructive place in society through some form of vocational or educational training or therapy
Federal Prison System
Federal Bureau of Prisons operates this system; maintain institutions at 6 security levels; population contains more inmates convicted of white collar crime than state institution; drug offenders make up about 60% of the incarcerated population; less than 7% have committed violent crimes
Jail characteristics
- a branch of local government-county
- pre trial detention
- detain offenders awaiting sentencing
- confine misdemeanants
- hold probation and parole violators
- Relieve prison overcrowding through contracts with the state
Overcrowding in prisons and jails
- 37 states operating under court orders
- state prisons are over 100% capacity
- some responses: double/triple bunking, tents and military bases, river barges, use of local jails
Characteristics of prison inmates
95% male; 17% hispanic, 46% black, 35% white; age 18-24 21%, 25-34 46%,35-44 23%, 45-54 7% 55 and older 3%; 8th grade or less 19%, some high school 46%, high school graduate 22%, some college or more 12%; drug offenses 21.3%, public order offenses 6.9%, violent offenses 46.6%, property offenses 24.8%
minimum security
white collar criminals; no armed guards, wall or even perimeter fences, low risk inmates
Medium security
less escape prone, series of fences and enclosures with fewer guard towers, movements less controlled and surveillance less vigilant
Maximum security
walled fortresses of concrete and steel that house the most serious, aggressive offenders
Supermax security
highly restrictive, high-custody housing unit within a secure institution that isolates inmates from the general prison population and from each other
Exchange Relationships
purported to help correctional officers obtain inmate cooperation where officers will tolerate minor rule infractions in exchange for compliance for major aspects of the custodial regime
Classification
process through which the educational, vocational, treatment and custodial needs of the offender are determined
Women in Prison
much less violent than men; vocational focus more on women’s duties: cooking, cleaning, etc.; allowed to visit their children
Limits of total power
Hierarchy that limits powers: commissioner, warden, deputy warden
Vocational Programs
provide inmates with skills and employment for employment after release; often outdated and irrelevant to acquiring meaningful work outside of prison
Rehabilitative Programs
attempt to remove alleged defects in social and psychological development
Total institution
An environment that regulates every aspect of the individuals it encompasses and erects barriers to social interchange from the outside world. Large groups of people live together day and night, in a fixed area and under a tightly scheduled sequence of activities imposed by a central authority
Prisonization
internalization of the prisons norms and values
Contraband
an item that is not issued or authorized in a prison
“chivalry” factor
men feel bad about putting women in jail so not many women are in jail
