Final Flashcards
(78 cards)
1
Q
What may generate earthquakes?
A
movement on faults, movement of magma below volcanoes, asteroid impact events
2
Q
The closer a location to an earthquake, the faster the p waves move. (T/F)
A
False
3
Q
The hanging wall is always ____________ the footwall of an inclined fault.
A
Above
4
Q
Which location is likely to have the igneous rocks at the surface?
Select one:
1. continental platform
2. continental shield
A
Continental shield
5
Q
What process causes most coastal erosion? Select one: 1. high winds (e.g., hurricanes) 2. wave action 3. ocean currents 4. tides 5. stream action
A
Wave action
6
Q
(T/F) Levees are more common in the higher gradient sections of most streams.
A
False
7
Q
Which type of stream is most likely to have the greatest sediment load?
Select one:
1. braided stream
2. meandering stream
A
braided stream
8
Q
Which of the following are greenhouse gases that trap heat in Earth's atmosphere? Select one or more: 1. nitrogen 2. oxygen 3. methane 4. water vapor 5. carbon dioxide
A
Methane, water vapor, CO2
9
Q
What is the approximate concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? Select one: 1. 380 parts per million (0.038%) 2. 7300 parts per million (0.73%) 3. 37000 parts per million (3.7%) 4. 13 parts per million (0.0013%)
A
380 parts per million (0.038%)
10
Q
(T/F) The greenhouse effect is another name for global warming.
A
False
11
Q
What type of rock is most likely to contain caves and sinkholes? Select one: 1. Limestone 2. Sandstone 3. Fractured granite 4. Schist
A
Limestone
12
Q
(T/F) Springs can form where the water table intersects the land surface.
A
True
13
Q
What occurs at oceanic ridges?
A
Normal faults form, The oceanic crust moves away from the ridge, Basaltic magma rises from the mantle
14
Q
Silica tetrahedra link together by sharing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ atoms. Select one: 1. silicon 2. oxygen 3. calcium 4. aluminum
A
oxygen
15
Q
(T/F) The closer to 1 on Mohs hardness scale, the harder the mineral.
A
False
16
Q
Which force results in faster plate motions?
Select one:
1. ridge push
2. slab pull
A
Slab pull
17
Q
(T/F) An oceanic ridge is more likely to be found along the edges of an ocean than toward the center of the ocean.
A
False
18
Q
(T/F) The remnants of a former land bridge between Africa and South America can be seen today on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean just south of the equator.
A
False
19
Q
(T/F) Hydrolysis occurs when some strong minerals are converted to clays due to reactions with water.
A
True
20
Q
Which sediment type typically formed in the greatest water depth? Select one: 1. limestone 2. coal 3. sand 4. mud
A
mud
21
Q
The isotope of potassium represented by 40K has 40 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ . Select one: 1. neutrons 2. protons and neutrons 3. protons
A
Protons and neutrons
22
Q
What is tephra?
Select one:
1. A high viscosity lava flow formed by a non-explosive eruption
2. Volcanic material blasted into the air by an eruption
3. The name given to gases that drive volcanic eruptions
4. The mixture of water and lava formed in submarine eruptions
A
Volcanic material blasted into the air by an eruption
23
Q
Where are most of the faults that have generated earthquakes in the US? Select one: 1. western US 2. eastern US 3. central US
A
western US
24
Q
What is the name given to the source of an earthquake? Select one: 1. quake-o-matic 2. hypocenter 3. seismic apex 4. epicenter
A
hypocenter
25
(T/F) The 1960 Chile earthquake generated a tsunami that killed people in Hawaii and Japan.
True
26
(T/F) Older rocks are present in the center of an anticline.
True
27
Which location is likely to have the oldest rocks at the surface?
Select one:
1. continental shield
2. continental platform
Continental Shield
28
```
Imagine two versions of the Atlantic Ocean (A, B), both exactly the same size (width, depth). Plate motions is Ocean A are twice as fast as in Ocean B. Which ocean has the higher sea level?
Select one:
1. Neither, it will be the same
2. A
3. B
```
A
29
(T/F) The area drained by a stream is known as a drainage basin.
True
30
Where do deltas form?
Select one:
1. They could form in a lake, reservoir or ocean where stream velocity decreases
2. They only form at the mouth of a stream where it enters an ocean
3. They form anywhere stream velocity increases
1. They could form in a lake, reservoir or ocean where stream velocity decreases
31
What type of materials are part of the bed load in a stream during transport?
Select one or more:
1. Silt and Clay
2. Sand
3. Gravel
4. Soluble Minerals
sand and gravel
32
Which of the following conditions are characteristic of deserts?
Select one or more:
1. Located along the equator
2. Less than 25 centimeters of rainfall per year
3. Below areas of rising air
4. Evaporation exceeds precipitation
2. Less than 25 centimeters of rainfall per year
&
4. Evaporation exceeds precipitation
33
Which statement is most accurate?
Select one:
1. Glaciers are shrinking because of more rapid melting associated with higher temperatures of global warming.
2. Glaciers are growing because of increased precipitation due to greater evaporation rates due to global warming.
1. Glaciers are shrinking because of more rapid melting associated with higher temperatures of global warming.
34
(T/F) All deserts have high average temperatures.
False
35
Rank the following earth materials in from high permeability to low permeability.
Select one:
1. sand and clay mixture, granite, sand, rounded gravels
2. granite, sand, sand and clay mixture, rounded gravels
3. rounded gravels, sand, sand and clay mixture, granite
4. sand, rounded gravels, granite, sand and clay mixture,
3. rounded gravels, sand, sand and clay mixture, granite
36
(T/F) Lakes hold about 40 times more of the world's freshwater than rivers.
True
37
What was the Atlantic Ocean like 200 million years ago?
Select one:
1. It was about half as wide as it is today
2. It didn't exist
3. It was present as part of the Tethys Ocean
4. It was wider than today
2. it didnt exist
38
```
Finish this sentence. Granite is composed of many crystals composed of ________ .
Select one:
1. many different minerals.
2. the same mineral.
3. a few different minerals.
```
3. a few different minerals
39
(T/F) Rocks can combine together to form minerals.
False
40
Before the collision between continents there must be
Select one or more:
1. volcanoes formed along the edge of one of the continents.
2. oceanic lithosphere being consumed in a subduction zone
3. the formation of an oceanic ridge between the continents.
1. volcanoes formed along the edge of one of the continents.
| 2. oceanic lithosphere being consumed in a subduction zone Correct
41
(T/F) Tectonic activity refers to earthquakes, volcanism and the formation of mountains.
True
42
(T/F) Most layers of sedimentary rock are termed beds.
True
43
Rising sea level would result in a
Select one:
1. transgression
2. regression.
transgression
44
```
Which organisms were found in the oldest rocks?
Select one:
1. corals
2. dinosaurs
3. trilobites
4. stromatolites
```
stromatolites
45
Which of the following occurred BEFORE Mount St. Helens erupted?
Select one or more:
1. pyroclastic flows became more frequent
2. earthquake activity increased
3. lava flowed from small flank eruptions
4. the shape of the volcano changed
2. earthquake activity increased
&
4. the shape of the volcano changed
46
(T/F) The volume of magma will increase when gas bubbles come out of solution close to Earth's surface.
True
47
Which minerals crystallize earlier from cooling magma?
Select one:
1. mafic
2. felsic
mafic
48
(T/F) Oatmeal has higher viscosity than orange juice.
true
49
```
How many different seismograph records have to be analyzed to accurately determine the location of an earthquake epicenter?
Select one:
1. 1
2. at least 5
3. 2
4. 3
5. more than 12
```
3
50
(T/F) Earthquake intensity refers to people's perceptions and the damage that results from an earthquake.
True
51
(T/F) High pressures deep in Earth prevent minerals from recrystallizing and new minerals from forming.
False
52
Isostasy describes how regional elevations would change as a result of variations in what pair of characteristics?
Select one:
1. distance and elevation of the land surface
2. thickness and density of underlying rocks
3. tectonic setting and igneous environment
4. oceanic and continental crust
2. thickness and density of underlying rocks
53
```
Imagine two versions of Earth (A, B). All characteristics are the same except that version A has continents at each Pole; Version B has all the continents grouped along the equator. Which Earth has the higher sea level?
Select one:
1. B
2. A
3. Neither, it will be the same
```
A
54
```
Where would you find a point bar in association with a meander bend?
Select one:
1. On the outside of the meander
2. In the middle of the channel
3. On the inside of the meander
```
3. On the inside of the meander
55
```
Which of the following factors are important in contributing to contrasting climates for different regions of Earth?
Select one or more:
1. distance from sun
2. latitude
3. altitude
4. ocean currents
```
2. latitude
3. altitude
4. ocean currents
56
(T/F) The amount of solar energy striking a square meter of Earth's surface is approximately equal all over Earth.
False
57
How would the permeability of materials change as sand undergoes lithification to form sandstone?
Select one:
1. Permeability would decrease
2. Permeability would increase
3. Permeability would stay about the same
1. Permeability would decrease
58
(T/F) Freshwater would float above salt water along the coast.
True
59
```
Which feature lies above the change from continental crust changes to oceanic crust?
Select one:
1. continental slope
2. shoreline
3. oceanic ridge
4. oceanic trench
```
Continental slope
60
Which type of bond is typically stronger?
Select one:
1. covalent
2. ionic
Covalent
61
(T/F) A mineral can have both crystal form and cleavage.
True
62
when tectonic plate slide past eachother
transform boundary
63
When Plates move toward eachother
convergent boundary
64
When plates move away from eachother
divergent
65
```
The United States of America is present on how many tectonic plates?
Select one:
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
```
2
66
(T/F) Continents are present at both the North and South Pole.
false
67
Layers of the earth:
Thinnest: _____
Hottest: ______
Separated into 2 layers: _______
Crust
core
mantle
68
(T/F) The shape of the east coast of North America matches with the shape of the northwest coast of Africa.
True
69
(T/F) Hydrolysis occurs when some minerals are dissolved in water.
false
70
Which coarse grained sedimentary rock has typically undergone more transport by streams?
Select one:
1. conglomerate
2. breccia
conglomerate
71
```
If you began with 4000 radioactive isotopes, how many parent isotopes and daughter isotopes would be left after two half lives?
Select one:
1. 3,000 parent; 1,000 daughter
2. 2,000 parent; 2,000 daughter
3. 0 parent; 4,000 daughter
4. 4,000 parent; 0 daughter
5. 1,000 parent; 3,000 daughter
```
5. 1,000 parent; 3,000 daughter
72
```
The systematic change in fossils found in a sequence of rocks is known as _______________________.
Select one:
1. taxonomic sequencing
2. faunal succession
3. punctuated equilibria
```
Faunel succession
73
```
The collapse of rocks overlying a depleted magma chamber is associated with the eruption of what volcanic feature?
Select one:
1. shield volcano
2. caldera
3. flood basalts
4. volcanic dome
```
caldera
74
During the eruption of basaltic magma from a vent, which feature is likely to form first?
Select one:
1. lava flow
2. scoria cone
Scoria Cone
75
(T/F) Volcanic domes are typically larger than composite volcanoes.
False
76
```
Which of the following are volcanic igneous rocks?
A. Basalt
B. Pumice
C. Obsidian
D. Tuff
```
all of them
77
```
Name the ultramafic rock that is common in the upper mantle.
Select one:
1. olivine
2. granite
3. gabbro
4. peridotite
```
peridotite
78
(T/F) The elements magnesium and iron are both present in mafic igneous rocks.
True
