Final

Question 1

American Modern Dance Pioneers

Answer 1

Isadora Duncan, Maud Allen, Louie Fuller

Question 2

Isadora Duncan

Answer 2

American modern dance pioneer. Dance = means of personal, emotional expression. Mother of Modern Dance. Influenced by Greeks. Women’s rights, big orchestral works

Question 3

Loie Fuller

Answer 3

American modern dance pioneer. Known for theatrical effect. “Skirt dancer”. 1st multi-media artist: colored lights w/ colored films.

Question 4

Maud Allen

Answer 4

American modern dance pioneer. Admired Greeks, influenced by Duncan. Wore transparent chiffon costumes w/ jewelry

Question 5

Fore runners of Modern Dance

Answer 5

Ruth St. Denis, Ted Shawn (together made Denishawn School) (Ted Shawn made Jacob’s Pillow)

Question 6

Ruth St Denis

Answer 6

fascinated by Far East and Asian culture. Very theatrical. Works were ethnic based (“Insence”, “Rada”, “Cobra”). Skills weren’t highly developed, but technique was to use many poses and decorative costumes and props. Gift for improv, aware of audience. Made Denishawn School & Company with Ted Shawn

Question 7

Ted Shawn

Answer 7

more analytical, less mystic. Respect for technical training. Focused on the need to develop and recognize male dancers. Made Denishawn School & Company with Ruth St. Denis. After divorce, made Jacob’s Pillow

Question 8

Denishawn School and Company

Answer 8

Founded by Ted Shawn and Ruth St. Denis. Influential on America’s youth. Toured US, dedicated to theory and technique. Had Martha Graham, Doris Humphrey and Charles Weidman

Question 9

Jacob’s Pillow

Answer 9

founded by Ted Shawn after divorce w/ Ruth St. Denis. All male dance comopany

Question 10

technique

Answer 10

a teachable system or progression of movement

Question 11

Modern dance founders

Answer 11

Martha Graham, Doris Humphrey, Charles Weidman, Lester Horton (only one not from Denishawn)

Question 12

Martha Graham

Answer 12

Modern dance founder. Student of Denishawn. Contract and release. Torso = emotional center. Dances were psychological dramas. Drama and tension in dances. Modern music. Set was symbolic and functional. Louis Horst was her music director, developed a method of teaching dance composition and founded 1st modern dance monthly journal.

Question 13

Louis Horst

Answer 13

Martha Graham’s music director, developed a method of teaching dance composition and founded 1st modern dance monthly journal.

Question 14

Doris Humphrey and Charles Weidman

Answer 14

Modern dance founders. Students of Denishawn. Fall and recovery, balance and suspension. Played with gravity. Subject matters were about man and women as they co-exist in modern America
Doris Humphrey - had major impact as teacher of choreography, created Musical Visualization dances at beginning of career
Charles Weidman - created dances about life and family w/ satire and humor

Question 15

Lestor Horton

Answer 15

Modern dance founder. West Coast, not part of Denishaw. Established first racially integrated dance company in the U.S. Established first permanent modern dance theatre in LA. Developed technique that prevented injury (Horton Technique). Choreographic subjects were humanitarian based. brought out stripes of ethnic groups. Alvin Ailey was his student

Question 16

Post Modernism

Answer 16

revolted against beginning, middle, end. Development in painting, sculpture and music. “Pop”, “minimal”, “collage”, “found art”, “body painting”. Concept and process and trial and error were as important as the work itself

Question 17

Post Modern Dance Innovators

Answer 17

Merce Cunningham, Alwin Nokolais

Question 18

Merce Cunningham

Answer 18

post modern dance innovator. Not a student of Denishawn. Chance dance, dance events. For and about the movement, not emotion. No “male” or “female” movements. Movement for movement’s sake, no meaning. Choreographed with John Cage (“Voiceless Essay”), Andy Warhol, Robert Rauschenberg

Question 19

Alwin Nikolais

Answer 19

post modern dance innovator. choreographer/non-collaborative, multi-media innovator. One-man show. Psychedelic. “Motion not emotion”

Question 20

Post-Post modern movement

Answer 20

Pedestrian movements. Collaboration w/ theatre arts (dance theatre). Technique = release and flow. Tai Chi and yoga

Judson Dance Theatre. 
Steve Paxton (contact improvisation - partnered improv), 
Meredith Monk (vocals, voice poetry in performance).

Question 21

Dance theatre

Answer 21

development in post-post modern movement. Genre that blends dance and theatre. Both are an integral part of performance. Performances may have spoken word, text, singing and choreography, w/ theme, dramatics, and theatrics

Question 22

Jazz origins

Answer 22

rhythms and drumming of African slaves. Music came first, dance after. Drumming forbidden by Slave Laws because fear of secret codes hidden in drumming = body percussion and ring shout (rhythm with long stick on floor). Soft shoe derived from being forbidden to lift feet off floor, so would rub

Question 23

Body percussion

Answer 23

developed because drumming was forbidden. Juba - rhymes to the body percussions

Question 24

Ring shout

Answer 24

dance created by rhythm w/ long stick on floor because forbidden to drum

Question 25

soft shoe (tap)

Answer 25

created from being forbidden to lift feet off floor in church, so would rub

Question 26

Savoy Ballroom

Answer 26

major place where black people got together after work and danced. Eventually allowed whites to come and mingle. Influenced white culture. Created lindy hop and swing. Dance competitions and marathons

Question 27

Lindy Hop

Answer 27

dance created from mingling of whites and blacks in Savoy Ballroom. Danced to swing music

Question 28

Swing (music)

Answer 28

created from mingling of whites and black in Savoy Ballroom. Big band. Dance marathons & competitions

Question 29

black dance is defined

Answer 29

as dance forms indigenous to and developed by specific African, Caribbean or Afro-American cultural groups. Should be a generic term. Idioms include traditional black dance mvmt and themes drawn from lives of black people in America

Question 30

concert dance

Answer 30

movement learned and studied in a dance school or studio, intended for performance by a nonparticipating audience

Question 31

reconstruction of researched dance

Answer 31

once a dance form has been removed from its authentic sociocultural context, adapted for performance, and placed in a theatrical environment for a viewing audience, it represents a new artistic expression

Question 32

Katherine Dunham

Answer 32

jazz. African American, "Matriarch of black dance". Dunham technique - goal to be as important to the white man as to the negro, make dance a more dignified art. "Shango" dance based on research in Caribbean ritual

Question 33

Pearl Primus

Answer 33

jazz. Dancer, choreographer, anthropologist. Composed work about black experience in Africa, Caribbean, and in America. Reconstructed these works and brought to concert stage. Dance expression based on modern dance techniques of Graham, Humphrey/Weidman

Question 34

Asadata Dafora

Answer 34

jazz. "Ostrich" dance - went to Africa, observed ritual, turned into concert performance

Question 35

Alvin Ailey

Answer 35

jazz. studied w/ Lester Horton and taught at his school. Created Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre (influenced by Dunham, Graham, and Horton technique). "Revelations". Work touches all people, but are distinctly rooted in Black American culture

Question 36

Arthur Mitchell

Answer 36

jazz. First African American to dance w/ New York City Ballet. Founder of Dance Theatre of Harlem (first African American classical ballet company). Repertory includes African American themes and history

Question 37

Eleo Pomare

Answer 37

jazz. "Junkie" dance of drug addict (average black urban NY man in 1970s). Used jazz music

Question 38

Garth Fagan

Answer 38

jazz. Jamaican. Dances had Caribbean sound and African percussion. Had African dance commonalities

Question 39

Jazz technique creators

Answer 39

Luigi, Mattox, Giordano, Fosse

Question 40

Jazz characteristics

Answer 40

bent knees and ankles, loose spine, dynamic attack of mvmt, mvmt from pelvis, polycentric, isolations and shimmy, cool/hot, "attitude"

Question 41

Jazz and entertainment

Answer 41

jazz music, swing, syncopated rhythms, hot/cool sounds. Entertainers: Gene Kelly, Fred Astaire, Bo Jangles Robinson, Michael Jackson, Bob Fosse (Chicago, Cool style, swing music, song "Sing Sing Sing"). Shows - Chicago, Sweet Charity, West Side Story, Thriller

Question 42

Neo-Classic Era of Ballet (George Balanchine)

Answer 42

George Balanchine created this movement. Intimate relationship w/ music. Drama is in the movement. Abstract, plotless ballets. Streamlined dancers. Technique for speed. Clear, crisp spatial design, uncluttered. Minimal costuming. Favored women. Jazz influenced. Created the School of American Ballet and New York City Ballet

Question 43

choric principle

Answer 43

everyone dancing together at same time. Group speaks as one voice. Mary Wigman (European Modern Dance Pioneer)

Question 44

Mary Wigman

Answer 44

European Modern Dance Pioneer. Choric principle - everyone dancing together at same time