Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology final > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

Name the body’s defenses

A 
Barrier defense 
cellular defenses 
inflammatory  response 
immune response 
NOTE: EACH OF THESE DEFENSE PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN MAINTAINING HOMEOSTASIS AND PREVENTING DISEASE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

name the barrier defenses

A

skin
mucous membrane
gastric acid
major histocompatibility complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

name the 2 types of white blood cell

A

lymphocytic and myelocytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name the myelocytic cells

A

neutrophils
esinophils
basophils
monocytes/ macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

name the lymphocytic cells

A

natural killer cells
b cells
t cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Inflammation response - Clinical presentation

A 
Calor (heat)
- increased blood flow 
Tumor (swelling)
-caused by fluid that leaks into the tissue
Rubor (redness)
-caused by the increase in blood flow due to vasodilation 
Dolor (pain)
-caused by the activation of pain fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Action of interferons

A

prevent viral replication and suppress malignant cell replication and tumor growth
= naturally released from the human cells in response to viral invasion, inhibits the growth of tumor, prevents these cells from multiplying and modulates the host immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

function of interleukins

A

chemicals secreted by active leukocytes to influence more leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

function of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

A

chemical released by macrophages, inhibits tumor growth and can cause tumor regression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the classic signs of local inflammation

A

swelling, heat, redness, pain, loss of function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the function of thromboxin

A

causes vasoconstriction and increase platelet aggregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the 4 abnormal conditions can weaken the immune system and stimulate the immune response

A

neoplasm
viral invasion
autoimmune disease
transplant rejection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the function of cytokines

A

serve to enhance and accelerate the inflammation and specific response that will destroy the invading antigen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

name the 2 immune stimulants

A

interferons

interleukin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the flu- like symptoms

A

lethargy, myalgia, arthralgia, anorexia, nausea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Contraindication of interferon

A

cardiac disease
myelosuppression
CNS dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the adverse effect associated with interferon

A

flu-like symptoms

A headache, dizziness, bone marrow depression, depression and suicidal ideation, photosensitivity, and liver impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Action of interleukin

A

Which are chemicals produced by T cells to communicate between leukocytes
Activates human cellular immunity and inhibit tumor growth through increase in lymphocytes, platelets and cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

adverse effects of interleukin

A 
flu- like symptoms
Respiratory difficulty
CNS changes (seizures) 
Cardiac arrhythmias
Chest tightness, swelling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

action of Colony- Stimulating factor

A

Are used to stimulate the bone marrow to produce more white blood cells in the situation where the levels of these cells are very low and the patient is at risk for infection
Can be used to reduce
- Incidence of infection in pt with bone marrow suppression
-To decrease the neutropenia associated with bone marrow transplant and chemotherapy
-To help in the treatment of various blood-related cancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

filgrastim

A

Colony stimulating factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Aldesleukin and Oprelvekin

A

Interleukin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)

A

Salicylates

24
Q

Ibuprofen (Advil)

25
Auranofin
Gold Compounds (inhibits phagocytosis)
26
Anakinra, eTanercept, leflunomide
DMARDs (alters inflammation process)
27
NAME THE TYPES OF IMMUNE SUPPRESSANTS
T and B cell suppressors interleukin receptor antagonists monoclonal antibodies
28
action of T and B cell suppression (cyclosporine)
suppress or stimulate the immune function | -immunosuppressant that is produced as a metabolite
29
adverse effect of cyclosporine
``` hepatoxicity nephrotoxicity tremor hirsutism hypertension gum hyperplasia ```
30
Action of interleukin receptor antagonist and adverse effects
blocks activity of interleukin-1 | - headache, sinusitis, nausea, diarrhea
31
action of Monoclonal Antibodies and adverse effects
antibodies that attach to specific receptor sites | -pulmonary edema, fluid retention, flu-like symptoms
32
Action and example of Sulfonamides
treatment of uncomplicated UTI and systemic infections interferes with the synthesis of folic acid taken orally example: cotrimoxazole
33
Action and example of tetracyclines
broad-spectrum antibiotics that affect both gram-negative and gram-positive taken orally inhibits the protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria, preventing cell replication and retarding the growth of bacteria, but it does not kill them example: tetracycline
34
Action and example of Mycobacteria infection (leprostatic drugs)
disrupts the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall | example: isoniazide
35
Action and example of Lincosamides
aerobic gram- positive cocci and several anaerobic gram- negative and gram-positive organisms enter the bacterial cell and bind to bacteria, ribosomes, suppressing protein synthesis example: clindamycin
36
Action and example of Aminoglycosides
inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible strains of gram-negative bacteria causing cell death - bactericidal example: gentamicin
37
Action and example of Penicillins
narrow spectrum inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis infections caused by susceptible gram-positive bacteria example penicillin G, Amoxicillin
38
Action and example of Carbapenems
inhibits cell membrane synthesis leading to cell death bactericidal drug can inactivate seizure medication example: ertapenem
39
Action and example of cehalosporins
activity against gram-negative bacteria ability to distribute into cerebrospinal fluid resistance to beta-lactamases - binds with PBPs, which disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis example: cefazoline
40
Action and example of fluoroquinolones
treating infection caused by susceptible strains of gram-negative bacteria. including urinary tract, respiratory tract, skin - interferes with DNA replication example: Ciprofloxacin
41
Action and example of Vancomycin
- complex and unusual tricyclic glycopeptide antibiotic - inhibits cell wall synthesis by altering the cell's permeability example: vancomycin
42
Action and example of Macrolide Antibiotics
molecules made up of large-ring lactones bacteriostatic or bactericidal -binds to cell membrane and changes protein function example: erythromycin
43
name the penicillinase- resistant antibiotics
nafcillin | oxacillin
44
what are the adverse effects of gentamycin
ototoxicity nephrotoxicity neurotoxicity neuromuscular blockage
45
what are the adverse effects of penicillin
``` GI upset superinfection yeast infection rash fever wheezing possibly anaphylaxis and death ```
46
What is the function of thyroid hormone?
regulate the rate of metabolism affect the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins affect heat production and body temperature affect oxygen concumption, cardiac output, and blood volume affect enzyme system activity affect metabolism of carbohydrates, fat and proteins regulate growth and development
47
What is the action of thyroid drugs?
increase: metabolic rate of body tissues, oxygen consumption, respiratory rate, heart rate, the rate of fat, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism, and growth and maturation.
48
name the replacement hormones used to treat hypothyroidism
levothyroxine thyroid desiccated liothyronine liotrix
49
what are the adverse affects of levothyroxine? (Hypothyroidism treatment)
``` hypertension tachycardia arrhythmias anxiety headache nervousness GI irritation sweating and heat intolerance ```
50
name the drugs used to treat hyperthyroidism (antithyroid)
Methimazole (thioamides) | iodine
51
what are the adverse effects of Methimazole
hives, rash, itching, fever, arthralgia, joint swelling, drowsiness, nausea and vomiting, altered taste sensation
52
how does thioamides and Iodine work
Thioamides prevent the formation of thyroid hormone within the thyroid cells, lowering the serum level of thyroid hormone (prevent the synthesis of thyroid hormone Iodine causes cells to become oversaturated with Iodine and stop producing thyroid hormone
53
what are the target organs of PTH?
bone kidney GI tract
54
name the signs and symptoms associated with paget's disease
``` bone pain and deformity headaches hearing loss fractures spinal cord compression cranial and spinal cord entrapment ```
55
what is the function of Vitamin D
regulates the absorption of calcium and phosphate
56
What is the antihypocalcemic drug? and adverse effects
Calcitriol (Vitamin D) | -weakness, headache, nausea, and vomiting, dry mouth, constipation, bone pain
57
what are the antihypocalcemic drugs? and adverse effects
``` Bisphosphonates and calcitonins Bisphosphonates - a headache, nausea, and diarrhea Calcitonins -GI disturbances, skin rash, flushing of the face and hands, and nasal irritation or rhinitis ```

Pharmacology final (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions