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324 Aircraft Systems > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 things make up the definition of Airworthy?

A
  1. A/c is in condition for SAFE operation

2. A/c has all REQUIRED INSPECTIONS and they have been properly logged

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2
Q

What is 91.7 in the FARAIM

A

Rule and limitations of PILOTS

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3
Q

What is Critical Pressure?

A
  • Ignition through compression/point of combustion

- Higher pressure and temp. aid in reaching Critical Pressure

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4
Q

What is the complete combustion ratio?

A

Stochiometric - when ALL chemical elements are used up

15 lbs air : 1 lbs fuel

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5
Q

What does the Camshaft do? What drives it?

A
  • Operates valve mechanism of opposed engines
  • DRIVEN by CRANKshaft
  • Operates at 1/2 the speed because gear is larger
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6
Q

What part of the engine is subject to the most force?

A

CRANKSHAFT!

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7
Q

What does the Crankshaft do?

A

Transforms rotary motion of piston and rod to rotation of the propeller (uses counterweights)

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of engine instruments?

A
  1. Power (pressure gauges)

2. Condition (temp gauges)

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9
Q

6 things oil does for us?

A
  1. Cools
  2. Cleans
  3. Lubricates
  4. Actuates
  5. Cushions
  6. Seals
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10
Q

What does a prop. Governor do?

A

Controls SPEED of prop

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11
Q

What is one important ratio to know about the stalling/critical AOA of the prop (think about the graph)

A

Forward Velocity/Rotational Velocity

Graph: lift on vertical axis, AOA on horizontal axis

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12
Q

What does the THROTTLE control?

A

Manifold Pressure!

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13
Q

What does the PROPELLER control?

A

RPM!

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14
Q

What kind of hydraulic fluid do we have in our C172s?

A

MIL-H 5606

It is Red!

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15
Q

If your alternator fails, will your engine fail? Why?

A

No, the electrical system and engine are INDEPENDENT SYSTEMS!

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16
Q

What 3 things affect the output of an alternator?

A
  1. # of conductors
  2. RPM
  3. Strength of the magnetic field
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17
Q

What kind of current do SLIP rings produce?

A

Slip rings produce AC current

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18
Q

What are the 2 types of electricity?

A
  1. Static (useless)

2. Current (alternating and direct)

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19
Q

AC Generators have ____ rings.

A

SLIP rings

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20
Q

DC generators have ____ rings

A

SPLIT rings

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21
Q

Generators have ____ mags, and a ____ conductor/coil

A
  1. Stationary Mags

2. Rotating conductor/coil

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22
Q

How many E are in 1 Coulomb?

A

6.28 x 10 to the 18th power

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23
Q

1 HP = ____ ft/lbs OR ____ watts

A

33,000 ft/lbs per min OR 746 watts

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24
Q

What are the 6 ways to produce electricity?

A
  1. Friction
  2. Heat (thermocoupling)
  3. Light (light is energy)
  4. Pressure
  5. Chemical reaction (imbalance of electrons)
  6. Magnetism
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25
What is thermocoupling?
When 2 different metals are connected at different temps, allowing E to cross
26
What is a battery?
An energy storage device?
27
What is a TRU?
Trans-rectifying unit | - Converts AC to DC
28
How are Superchargers driven? When does compression occur?
- Driven directly by engine power | - Compresses air/fuel AFTER is leaves the carb
29
How are Turbochargers driven? When does compression occur?
- Driven by hot, high velocity EXHAUST GASES expelled from engine - Compresses air BEFORE its mixed with fuel from carb
30
What are the 3 main parts of a Trubocharger?
1. Compressor Assembly 2. Exhaust Gas Turbine Assembly 3. Pup and Bearing Casing
31
What is a Wastegate? What 2 systems are used to regulate the wastegate?
- Regulates amount of exhaust gas directed to turbine 1. Differential Pressure Controller 2. Fuel metering
32
How does an Engine Starter work?
Induces currents that create a magnetic field
33
What a Generator do?
Creates current
34
What does the Alternator Belt do?
Takes current and turn to transfer energy into mechanical work
35
What is manifold pressure?
Measure of intake downstream of the throttle valve
36
What is Overboost?
Max. manifold pressure is exceeded
37
What is pour point?
Lowest temp at which oil can flow still
38
The number associated with aviation OIL is an approximation of that oil's ______
Viscosity
39
What are the 2 types of lubrication systems?
1. Wet-Sump (oil kept under the engine) | 2. Dry-Sump (oil kept in a separate reservoir)
40
4 disadvantages of a wet-sump lubrication system?
1. Supply limited to pan capacity 2. Cooling is more difficult 3. Subject to higher operating temps of the engine 4. Inverted flight = flooded engine
41
Disadvantage of a dry-sump lubrication system?
MORE PARTS/UNITS!
42
What 4 things does Critical Pressure effect/determine?
1. Compression Ratio (higher is ideal) 2. Cylinder pressure (higher is ideal) 3. Power output and fuel consumption 4. Octane Rating
43
What does an oil analysis look for?
1. Compression | 2. METAL
44
What are the 3 ways to wear out oil?
1. Thermal cycling 2. Shear 3. Frequency vibration
45
Do warmer climates need thicker or thinner oil to operate?
Warmer = THICKER! (bc weighs more)
46
What are the 3 thermal efficiencies?
1. Volumetric 2. Chemical 3. Mechanical
47
What is volatility?
How much vapor a substance gives off in relations to it's temperature!
48
When does Detonation occur?
With an excessively LEAN mixture
49
Why is it important to know about the fuel system?
So that we can troubleshoot in emergencies
50
What is a BTU? What is it for Avgas?
British Thermal Unit - Amount of heat energy is needed to raise 1 lb of H2O by 1 degree F - Avgas is 20,000 BTU per pound
51
What does Octane do for us?
Helps reduce all energy in the fuel, must be completely burned!
52
Why use fuel additives?
- Anti-detonation characteristics while allowing engine to develop more power
53
What is a Gascolator?
- Fuel filter
54
What is the function of the fuel metering system? What drives it?
- Mix fuel with weight of air and uniformly distribute it to all cylinders - Driven by the FUEL METERING FORCE (pressure differential between venturi and float chamber)
55
What are the 2 basic types of batteries?
1. Primary (non-rechargeable) | 2. Secondary (rechargeable)
56
What is Rated Capacity?
The batteries ability to perform when it is NEW
57
3 ways to manipulate VOLTAGE?
1. # of magnets 2. Strength of magnets 3. Speed of movement
58
What is the function of Diodes in an alternator?
1-way check valve! Make sure E are flowing in 1 direction.
59
What is the difference between a Relay and a Solenoid?
Relay - used in SMALLER circuits | Solenoid - used in HIGHER CURRENT circuits
60
What is TCDS?
Type Cert Data Sheet
61
What part of the FAR's is a/c Airworthiness Standards?
Part 23
62
Name 2 kinds of house power and describe them.
Brake Horsepower - developed from engine's rotating shaft | Thrust Horsepower - converted BHP by propeller. % prop efficiency.
63
What does the FAA form 337 tell you about?
Major repair and alteration
64
How many revolutions of the crankshaft are there per cycle?
2 revolutions = 4 strokes (1 cycle)
65
What engine component is geared to the driveshaft and is used to open valves at the proper time?
- Rocker arm/valve spring | - Cam lobes on camshaft that rotate and push the rob up to open
66
A rotating propeller is acted upon by what 4 forces?
1. Centrifugal (outward) 2. Thrust Bending (forward) 3. Torque (yawing) 4. Aerodynamic Twisting (of prop. blade)
67
Describe a Fixed-Pitch Prop.
- Built for max. efficiency at ONE set of conditions | - Efficiency at low and high pitches varies
68
Describe a Constant-Speed Prop.
- Have Governors that change the prop. pitch with conditions to achieve max. efficiency - Efficiency at low and high pitches is in theory going to be the same
69
What is the purpose of a Reverse-Pitch Prop?
- Control prop to produce negative thrust at low air speeds | - Aerodynamic braking to reduce ground roll after landing
70
What is the purpose of a Feathering Prop?
- Control prop to reduce drag during engine failure conditions - Produce a minimum windmilling effect
71
Why do prop blades vary in pitch along the blade?
Attempt to reduce aerodynamic twisting
72
Describe aerodynamic twisting.
Thrust along with unbalanced forces acting on a prop make blade want to twist about its longitudinal axis
73
When are the blade angle and blade AOA the same?
When not in motion!
74
What is prop slip?
The difference between Geometric Pitch (THEORETICAL provance of prop in 1 rev. with NO slip) and Effective Pitch (ACTUAL advance of prop in 1 revolution WITH slip)
75
Where does Relative Wind hit the prop blade?
RW hits the back of the prop blade ALWAYS! Angle become smaller as forward velocity increases

324 Aircraft Systems (3 decks)

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