Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NRS Final > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

(52 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Nursing Diagnoses for Vision Deficits

A
  • Risk for injury
  • Self-care deficits
  • Acute Pain
  • Noncompliance (with meds)
  • Anxiety (regarding surgery)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cataract definition

A

Opacity within the lens of one or both eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cataract etiology

A

usually age related. May be related to trauma, congenital factors, UV light, or DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cataract diagnosis

A
  • decreased vision
  • abnormal color perception
  • glare
  • symptoms may be worse at night
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cataract diagnosis

A

-decreased visual acuity and visual observations by eye exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cataract treatment

A
  • No cure
  • surgical removal
  • first try palliative measures: visual aids, adjust lifestyle, don’t drive at night
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Care

A

Assess good eye before surgery to see how they will function after surgery

  • teach about surgery
  • help with anxiety
  • make sure someone can drive them home
  • no food 6-8 hrs before surgery
  • Eye drops to decrease swelling
  • wear sunglasses after using eyedrops
  • minimal pain: manage with tylenol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Interventions

A
  • side effects for drugs
  • instill eye drops
  • safety issues (modify env)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Elderly concerns

A
  • dexterity to put in eye drops
  • memory
  • falls
  • polypharmacy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Glaucoma definition

A
  • Characterized by increase in IOP
  • consequence of elevated pressure
  • optic nerve atrophy
  • peripheral visual field loss
  • increases with age
  • NORMAL IOP: 18-22 mmHg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

2 types of glaucoma

A 
open angle (POAG)
Closed angle (PACG)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Diagnosis of Glaucoma

A
  • IOP elevation over 22 mmHg
  • Optic disc cupping in open angle glaucoma
  • decreased peripheral vision and visual acuity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Glaucoma Care

A

Primary focus is to keep pressure low and to manage the symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Interventions for glaucoma

A
  • teach risks
  • screen
  • meds
  • home safety
  • assess self care and need for help
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Primary open angle glaucoma definition

A
  • most common type
  • outflow of aqueous humor is decreased in the trabecular meshwork
  • drainage channels become clogged and damage to optic nerve can result
  • presents slowly with no symptoms, pain or pressure
  • gradual visual field loss
  • Tunnel vision with peripheral vision absent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Treatment: open angle glaucoma

A
  • drug therapy
  • drugs help decrease pressure
  • Laser therapy: lower IOP, stimulates constriction of trabecular meshwork which opens outflow channels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Primary angle closure glaucoma definition

A
  • reduction in the outflow of aqueous humor that results from angle closure
  • usually caused from lens bulging forward as a result of aging
  • sudden, excruciating pain in or around eye
  • N & V
  • Seeing halos around lights
  • blurred vision
  • ocular redness
  • frosted cornea
  • ocular emergency: use drugs first but surgery is necessary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Secondary glaucoma

A
  • increased IOP due to other ocular or systemic condition (inflammation/trauma/tumors)
  • treat underlying problem first and use antiglaucoma drugs
  • Failure of treatment can progress to full glaucoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Osteoarthritis

A
  • most common form of joint disease
  • not a normal part of aging
  • slowly progressive NON-INFLAMMATORY disorder of synovial joints
  • Cartilage and and other joint structures deteriorate causing bones to pull together and rub against each other
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Primary osteoarthritis

A

occurs idiopathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Secondary osteoarthritis

Study These Flashcards
A

-Caused by known event (trauma) that damages cartilage or joint

22
Q

Osteoarthritis symptoms

Study These Flashcards
A
  • no systemic manifestations like RA
  • pain, local to one joint, loss of ROM
  • Pain worsens with joint use or when barometric pressure changes
  • Joint stiffness after rest
  • Deformity: nodules on joints from osteophyte formation
23
Q

Osteoarthritis diagnosis

Study These Flashcards
A
  • based on patient symptoms and complains

- Xrays are sometimes useful but may not show changes until they are major

24
Q

Osteoarthritis treatment goal

Study These Flashcards
A
  • decrease pain

- treat with rest, joint protection, heat/cold, nutritional therapy, exercise, drug therapy

25
Osteoarthritis drugs
- acetaminophen: 4g/day - NSAIDS: otc or celebrex - Hyaluronic acid: injections into joint space
26
Osteoporosis definition
- progressive metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tisue leading to bone fragility - silent for many years - robs bone calcium - not apparent until bone break
27
Risk factors for osteoporosis
- lack of weight bearing exercise - low calcium intake - vitamin D deficiency - low body weight - >65 - 2+ alcoholic drinks/day - Woman, post-menopausal
28
Osteoblasts
bone forming cells
29
Osteoclasts
break down bone
30
Osteoporosis diagnosis
- xray shows damage after 25-40% of calcium is depleted - DEXA: bone density scan - dowagers hump, kyphosis, fractures, back pain, spinal deformities, stooped posture
31
Osteoporosis care
-proper nutrition, calcium supplements, Vit D, weight bearing exercise, prevent fracture, drug therapy
32
Osteoporosis: Nutrition
- Foods with Ca - Whole/skim milk - yogurt - turnip greens - cottage cheese - ice cream - sardines - spinach
33
Osteoporosis drug therapy
- Estrogen inhibits osteoclast activity which leads to decreased bone breakdown - Calcitonin: secreted by thyroid, inhibits osteoclast breakdown (nasal spray) - Biphosphonates: inhibit osteoclast bone breakdown and increase bone mass. Side effects are weight loss and gastritis. Drink with full glass of water and food - Evista: mimics estrogen but does not stimulate uterus or breast (SE hot flashes, blood clots)
34
Preserving joint function
- balance rest and activity - rest when joints are inflammed - decrease stress on joint - use assistive devices to decrease stress
35
Pressure ulcer
- localized injurty to the skin and or underlying tissue | - usually over a bony prominence as a result of pressure or shear/friciton
36
Most common pressure ulcer site
- sacrum | - heels, elbows, skill
37
Factor that influence pressure ulcer intensity
- intensity of pressure - duration of pressure - shearing forces - friction - moisture - resilience
38
ppl at risk for pressure ulcers
- elderly - incontinent - bed bound - immobile - diabetes - fever - low BP - impaired mentally - obese - pain - vascular disease
39
Pressure ulcer staging
I: intact skin with nonblanchable redness II: loss of dermis with open ulcer w.out slough (intact or ruptured blister) III: Tissue loss: subcutaneous fat may be visible IV: esposed bone, tendon, or muscle (slough may be present Unstageable: base of ulcer completely covered with eschar that is not removeablwe
40
Assessing ulcer
- size - depth - tunneling - Braden scale for diagnosis risk
41
Goals for actual diagnosis of pressure ulcer
- no deterioration - decrease or eliminate risk factors - no infection - healing - no reoccurence
42
Rest definition
-state of being physically and mentally relaxed and free from anxiety
43
Sleep definition
- state of reduced consciousness | - diminished activity of the skeletal muscles and depressed metabolism
44
Circadian rhythm
-biorhythm pattern that is regularly repeated at 24 hour intervals
45
5 Sleep states
- NREM (1234) and REM - NREM: slower metabolic rate, decrease in cerebral blood flow, decrease in vitals - REM: eyes jerking rapidly in various direction. high brain activity, vitals incresa
46
Sleep deprivation
- What I have right now - results from person not getting enough sleep - prolonged: causes hallucinations and mood swings
47
Developmental sleep patterns
Infants: sleep 16-17 hrs a day Child: cycle fully developed, similar to adults Adolescents: sleep time increased because of increased growth and activity Pregnant: decreased sleep because of size of body
48
Dysomnia
- disorders in initiating or maintaining sleep or excessive sleep - Circadian rhythm disorder: (shift work, jet lag) - Insomnia: difficulty falling/staying asleep - Hypersomnia: excessive sleepiness - Narcolepsy: sleep attacks - Sleep apnea: cessation of air through mouth and nose - restless leg synd: lower extremity sensations
49
Parasomnia
- Abnormal behavioral or physiological events that occur during sleep - sleep walking, bruxism, nocturnal enuresis, night mare, sleep terror
50
Secondary sleep disorders
-related to mental health disorders and medical conditions
51
Assess for sleep
-sleep history, phys exam, polysomnopgraphy, multiple sleep latency test, wrist actigraphs and sleep diary
52
Bootzin Technique
- go to bed only when sleepy - use bed for sleep and sex - if no sleep after 30 min, get up and do something - set alarm and get up at same time every day - no naps

NRS Final (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions