Final Flashcards
What means the ability to transmit electrical current for one cell to another
conductivity
the P wave of an ECG complex represents
Firing of the SA node and Atrial depolarization
What phase is the plateau stage of the action potential
phase 2
The imaginary line that can be drawn between the positive and negative electrodes in leads I, II, and III is called
axis
Parasympathetic nervous system
slows the heart rate and AV conduction
You do a 12 lead ECG on a chronic emphysema pt and note large, peaked P waves in leads I and II this would be termed as
Cor Pulmonale
Which of the following are unipolar leads I. aVL II. Lead II III. Lead III IV. aVR V. V6
I. aVL
IV. aVR
V. V6
QRS complex represents
Ventricular depolarization and Ventricular contraction (A and D)
What is the rapid upstroke in the action potential (phase)
Phase 0
The entire sequence of electrical changes during depolarization and repolarization is called
action potential
The PR interval represents
Total atrial electrical activity prior to the activation of the bundle of His
What conducts electrical impulses from the SA node directly to the left atrium
Bachmanns bundle
An increased duration or amplitude of the P wave indicates the presence of atrial abnormalities, such as hypertension, valvular disease, COPD, and CHF T/F
True
Which of the following monitor the elctrical activity of the heart in the frontal plane
aVL, aVF, lead II, lead I
The sympathetic neural fibers innervate the
Atrium of the heart and Ventricles of the heart
An elevated ST segment above the isoelectric line can be a sign of
myocardial injury
The small squares on standard ECG paper represent
0.04 seconds
Which of the following phases is called the resting state
Phase 4
T waves are sensitive indicators for the presence of a number of abnormalities such as I. Acid-Base imbalances II. Hyperventilation III. Hyperkalemia IV. Ischemia V. Various drugs
(all of the above)
An electrical difference across the fibers of the heart is called
resting membrane potential
the norm duration of the P wave is no longer than
0.8 to 0.11 seconds
When the parasympathetic system is stimulated the heart rate increases T/F
False
When can a strong stimulus cause an unwanted depolarization of the heart
Relative refractory period
If there is a complete heart block at the AV node, the ventricular escape rate at which the ventricles will pace themselves is
20-40 bpm
U waves are of opposite polarity of the T wave T/F
false
5 small boxes are found in each larger box on ECG paper. this is equal to A. 0.04 B. 0.20 C. 0.5 D. B &C
D. B&C
The AV node is located
just behind the tricuspid valve in the lower portion of the right interatrial septum
All electrical deflections above the isoelectric line are termed
positive deflections
The SA node is also called the
Pacemaker
The QT interval is measured from the beginning of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave T/F
True
The normal duration of the PR interval is no longer than
0.20
there is an electrical delay at the AV node which allows I. The atrium to finish contraction II. For the atrium to repolarize III. The ventricles to fill with blood IV. Maximize the preload
I, III, IV
Normal QRS complex is less than
0.12
The normal duration of the T wave is
0.20
A normal 12 lead ECG contains 6 limb leads and 6 chest leads
true
Regulation of the heart is controlled by
I. the autonomic nervous system
II. The sympathetic nervous system
III. The para-sympathetic nervous system
All of the above
What leads monitors the right ventricle
VI and V2
What leads monitors the left ventricle
V5 and V6
What leads monitor the AV septum
V3 and V4
When doing an ECG the paper speed of the recorder is standard at
25 mm/ second
When the ventricles depolarize, they contraction in a downward direction T/F
false
Electrical conductive pathway of heart
Superior Vena Cava, SA node, Left atria, Right Atria, AV node, Bundle of His, Bundle branches, Purkinje fibers, Interventricular septum
Norm body temp
98.6
Norm BP
120/80
Norm HR
60-80 bpm
Norm RR
12-20
The top number in a BP reading is the
Systolic pressure
If a pt has a blood pressure of 88/50, this is called
Hypotension
The term afebrile means
the patient does not have a fever
A now common fifth vital sign in the hospital is
pain
Appropriate use of touch is
a reassuring squeeze of the hand
Pt oriented x3
Name, place, time
Thick, viscous, colored, and often in globs with an offensive odor describes which type of sputum
mucopurulent
the term used to describe fainting is
syncope
A cough is considered chronic if it lasts more than
Eight weeks
Tachypnea
Both an increased depth and rate of breathing
Cyclic changes in breathing pattern: respirations stop for 5-30 seconds and gradually increase in volume and then gradually decreases in intensity until other pause occurs
Kussmauls breathing
An increased alveolar ventilation that causes the PaO2 to decrease
Hyperventilation
Short, rapid breathing episodes, interrupted with 1-30 second pauses
Biots breathing
Absense of spontaneous breathing
Apnea
Rapid breathing
Hyperpnea
Shortness of breathing except when sitting upright
Orthopnea
Presence of normal spontaneous breathing
Eupnea
Decreased alveolar ventilation that causes an increased PaCO2
Hypoventilation
A subjective realization by the pt that breathing is difficult
dyspnea
Term for low temp
hypothermic
Term for high heart rate
tachycardia
Term for high BP
Hypertension
high RR
Tachypnea
If a pt has a BP of 88/50 this is called
hypotension
Afebrile
the pt does not have a fever
