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Geo CA 431 Final > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Hydrological Cycle

A 
1Evaporation
2Transpiration
3Condensation
4Transport
5Precipitation
6Runoff
7Percolation
8Groundwater
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2
Q

Droughts

A

2 or 3years of below average rainfall
Can be local or statewide
Transportation of water can mitigate the effects

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3
Q

Floods

A

The other extreme of Climate variability
El Nino
Historically- spreads fertile soil
Recently- Dams, levees, dikes to control

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4
Q

Snowpack

A

Natural reservoir of water
Slowly melts spring through summer
Provides steady runoff
Could be impacted by global warming

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5
Q

Groundwater

A

Percolates through soil
Provides 30% of urban & Agri. needs
Pumping started in 1900’s in central Valley

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6
Q

Hydrolic Regions

A

Major drainage areas

Bounded by mountain ranges

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7
Q

Spanish Period (water)

A

Water given by monarch to communities

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8
Q

American Period (water)

A

Individuals have water rights

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9
Q

In CA two realities govern the law of water

A

1-Basic Availability

2-How available is the water (distribution)

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10
Q

Riparian Rights

A

Legal ability to access water adjacent to property
Based on English Common law
Remains with property even as title changes hands
Reasonable use as long as it does not impact others
Diversion not allowed

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11
Q

Appropriative Rights

A

Superior rights to those who first put water to beneficial uses
Person can continue using amount of water as long as it is continuous
Rights can be lost

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12
Q

CA Aqueducts

A

1-Cali Water Distribution System
2-Central valley project
3-Colorado River Aqueduct & Canals
4-Los Angeles Aqueduct

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13
Q

Aqueduct and water issues

A

Long term environmental change
Loss of wetlands & ecosystems
Agriculture-runoff & salt buildup

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14
Q

Urban water use

A

11%

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15
Q

CA Water Distribution System

A

Aqueduct system
State water project
70% urban & industrial

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16
Q

Central Valley Project

A

Federally funded 1935
Irrigates 1/3 of state agri. land
Water from northern CA generates electricity

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17
Q

Colorado River Aqueduct & Canals

A

1933-1941
CA shares water w/ 6 other states & Mexico
75% of water irrigates agri. in Imperial county
CA has taken excess water historically
Now cutback

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18
Q

Salton Sea

A

huge evaporation pond
25% saltier than the ocean
full of salt from agri. fields
Imperial County

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19
Q

Economic Geography

A

First among states
Leader among nations
Leads in population size and growth

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20
Q

Geographic effects

A

International trade
fishing
Climate
Primary economic activity

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21
Q

Economic flexibility over time

A

Aero Space
High Tech
International Trade

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22
Q

Primary Activities

A

Mining
Fishing
Oil and gas

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23
Q

Entertainment

A

Climate and natural settings
More than 50% of movies made in CA
ancillary business: nightlife & tourism

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24
Q

Tourism

A 
CA ranked 1st in nation
Diverse landscape
Large size of state & pop.help keep it viable
Hollywood effect
80% of tourists from CA
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25
Agriculture
``` one of main contributors of GDP Valley flat lands fertile soil long growing season Livestock & field crops ```
26
Environmental Impact of agriculture
Air, water, soil pollution
27
Housing Market
Historically expensive especially along coasts | Unaffordable to many in the state
28
Coastal environment
Very important to CA | Tourism, fishing, marine transportation
29
Early Groups
Chumash
30
Ca largest ocean economy in US
``` Fishing Kelp Oil & Gas Marine Tourism Transportation ```
31
Environmental Protection
Early laws 1972 CA coastal commission Planning and regulating coastal environment
32
North Pacific gyre
move water in huge clockwise pattern
33
Currents
CA current North Pacific/ Alaska current North equatorial current Kuroshio current
34
CA current
north to south along coast | leads to cooler water than eastern US
35
Upwelling
``` Vertical upward flow of cool, subsurface water result of surface winds Brings up nutrient rich material good food for marine life Most between March & September ```
36
Southern CA eddy
Counter current that brings somewhat warmer water from the south
37
Southern CA bight
A bend in the coastline forming a wide mouth open bay | semi contained area of the pacific from the point of conception
38
storm runoff pollution
oil fertilizer pesticides pet waste
39
coastal land forms
pacific coast is rugged high relief sea cliffs
40
headlands
results from tectonic process erosional coast wind and wave action
41
Beach dynamics
beach and dunes
42
Beaches
always in flux | material for beaches is added by streams & rivers bringing sediments to the coast
43
dunes
constantly changing | formed when wind blows dry sand inland, away from ocean, & accumulates around vegetation & driftwood
44
littoral drift
movement of sand along coasts winter & summer differences winter get pulled away-narrow summer gets pushed back- wider
45
sand material for beaches
damming and cementing of river reduces sediment
46
wetlands
SF Bay estuary largest wetlands on west coast suffers from urban encroachment and depleted freshwater inflows
47
islands
tops of undersea mountains provides wildlife sanctuary rare species evolving in isolation Channel Islands
48
Energy
``` Transport people and water produce and industrial output oil and natural gas import electricity energy consumption higher than national avg ```
49
Air pollution
air pollution decreased urban-transportation rural-machinery, fertilizers, pesticides
50
solution to pollution
renewable and alternative energy
51
solar energy issues
``` expensive takes up lots of space disrupt desert environment generation far from users production & disposal of PVC Photovoltaic cells ```
52
Hydro power
19% of total energy 80% generated in the state usually dams and reservoirs
53
Hydro power issues
dams interrupt natural flow of water, silt, fish located in remote areas energy lost in transmission no new dams being built
54
geothermal issues
access to sites not evenly distributed | typically far away from populated areas
55
wind power issues
wind varies during day & by season | environmental disturbance, birds, bugs, noise
56
nuclear power issues
how to dispose and store uranium
57
other energy sources
ocean waves | not financially viable yet
58
automobile alternatives
electric cars hybrids hydrogen powered cars public transportation
59
electric car issues
still dirty but controlled at central location
60
hybrid issues
good intermediate solutions bio diesel limited diverting farmland can cause problems
61
hydrogen car issues
not practical no environmental benefit energy needed to get hydrogen
62
public transportation issues
doesn't go to destination | urban areas developed around cars
63
Agricultural improvements
1-multi crop rotation to keep soil fertile 2-diversity of crops to reduce water input 3-select crop based on climate, topography, soil
64
Homes sustainability
``` energy use energy saving light bulbs roof positioning designs plant deciduous trees near windows CA climate good for these techniques ```
65
how to lessen water usage
drought resistant plants artificial grass education
66
CA environmental protection agency
tracks pollution status | air, water, land

Geo CA 431 Final (1 decks)

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