FINAL Flashcards
(29 cards)
Correlational designs
Tell us about the degree and direction of a relationship.
Experiments
Tell us if a causal relationship exists between one variable and another.
Within subject deisgn
A single group of subjects is exposed to all levels of the independent variable. Use when individual differences are large.
Between subject design
Different groups of subjects are randomly assigned to the levels of your independent variable.
Sources of carryover
Learning/practice. Fatigue. Habituation/sensitization.
Dealing with carryover effects
Counterbalancing. Latin square design.
Factorial designs
Effects of combinations of variables, interactions of variables.
Main effects
The separate effect of each independent variable. Analogous to separate experiments involving those variables.
Interacitons
When the effect of one independent variable changes over levels of a second.
Higher order factorial designs
More than two independent variables, complexity of experimental design increases.
Framing effects
When objectively equivalent information results in different judgments (specifically how people feel about gains and losses)
Types of framing effects
Attribute framing effects. Goal framing effects. Risky choice framing effects.
Covariate
Correlational variable in an experimental design. Subtracting out reduces error variance, making your design more sensitive to the effects of the independent variable.
Quasi-experimental design
Quasi-independent variable- correlational variable that looks like an experimental variable. Resulting design looks like a factorial experiment design but lacks the high standard of causation one gets from a true experiment.
Time series design
Makes several observations of behavior before (baseline) and after introducing your treatment. O1, O2, O3, treatment, O4, O5.
Interrupted time series designs
Makes a series of observations before and after a specific point at which an event occurred. Before and after 9/11, etc.
Developmental designs
Study changes over time. Age, cohort (generational effects), time of assessment
Cross sectional design
Times of testing same. Don’t know if results coming from cohort or if it is became same age for each of the cohort groups. Does not measure change, only differences.
Longitudinal design
Cohort same. Don’t know if results coming form age of participant or time of testing.
Time lag design
Cannot tell about age related changes but can tell about cohort effects (SAT).
Cohort sequential design
Combines a cross sectional and longitudinal component in same design. Allows you to test for generation effects.
APA ethics general principles
Benefice and non maleficence. Fidelity and responsibility. Integrity. Justice. Respect for people’s rights and dignity.
Protecting participants before and after testing them
IRB. Debriefing. Dehoaxing. Desensitizing.
APA ethics research relevant standards
Institutional approval. Informed consent and deception. Deception concerning purpose vs experience of Ps. Freedom to withdraw. Make sure participant is willing. Protection from harm and debriefing. Removing harmful consequences. Confidentiality.
