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EARTH 113 > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

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1
Q

5 visible planets

A

Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn

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2
Q

Main Source of short-period comets in our solar system

A

Kuiper belt, (Pluto is part of it)

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3
Q

What is a planet?

A

In orbit around the sunSufficiently big to have self-gravity that causes it to have a spherical shapeHas cleared out its ‘neighborhood’

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4
Q

Largest asteroid in orbit between Mars and Jupiter

A

Ceres

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5
Q

Largest asteroid in orbit between Mars and Jupiter

A

Ceres ( accounts for 1/3 of the total mass of the asteroid belt)

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6
Q

Formation of the solar system

A

The solar nebula hypothesis

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7
Q

The solar nebula

A

a spinning disk of interstellar gas and dust ( formed from an interstellar cloud that collapsed 4.6 billion years ago)

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8
Q

Formation of Sun

A

ignited 4.56 billion years ago

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9
Q

Formation of Planets

A

Proto-planetary disk forms around sun;dust and gas collect via static and gravitationattraction into proto-planetary bodies viathe process of planetary accretion
(4.5 billion years)

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10
Q

Carbonaceous chondrites

A

oldest dated solar system material, building blocks of rocky planets

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11
Q

accretion

A

accumulation of particles into a massive object by gravity

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12
Q

Early solar system processes

A

condensation, accretion, differentiation

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13
Q

differentiation

A

Example: separation of iron to form metal core in largest objects (planetesimals) by partial melting of hot interior

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14
Q

terrestrial planets

A

small, dense rocky planets close to sun (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars)

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15
Q

Jovian planets

A

large, low density gaseous planets far from sun (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune)

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16
Q

Main Asteroid Belt

A

lies between orbits of Mars and Jupiter at distance from the sun of around 2-3 AU

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17
Q

asteroids

A

(aka minor planets) are small, rocky-metallic planetesimals less than 1,000 km (600 miles) in diameter -mostly much smaller -that orbit the Sun between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, in a nearly flat ring called the main asteroid belt.

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18
Q

First Manned Landing on the Moon

A

July 20, 1969

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19
Q

Earth vs. Moon

A

moon has little Iron compared to Earth - small iron core

identical oxygen isotope rations - indicates they were formed from same material

Moon rocks contain virtually no bound water - earth rocks have up to several % H20

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20
Q

Giant Impact hypothesis

A

‘Mars-size’ proto-planet impacts the Earth ~4.5 byrs ago, as proposed by Hartmann & Davis

vaporized ejecta coalesces in orbit to form the moon

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21
Q

average earth-moon distance

A

240,000 miles

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22
Q

moon’s orbit

A

tidally locked, 1 rotation for every orbit ( 29 earth days)

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23
Q

True or False: our Moon is the largest moon in the solar system

A

False

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24
Q

True or False: Saturn’s moon Titan has a dense atmosphere

A

True

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25
``` The most abundant element in the solar system is... A. Silicon B. Carbon C. Helium D. Hydrogen ```
Hydrogen
26
The only nation to land a probe on the surface of Venus is
Soviet Union
27
``` All of the following planets have a measurable magnetic field, except: A. Jupiter B. Saturn C. Venus D. Earth E. Mercury ```
Venus
28
``` Which of these moons has a larger diameter than the planet Mercury? A. Europa B. Titan C. Enceladus D. Phobos ```
Titan
29
The Jovian gas giant planets share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: A. Densities less than 3 g/cm3 B. Lack of magnetic fields C. Hydrogen as the most abundant element D. Distances from the Sun greater than 1 AU
Lack of magnetic field (They all have magnetic fields)
30
NASA’s Cassini Mission studied which planet?
Saturn
31
The Galileo spacecraft explored which planet?
Jupiter
32
Observations from the Pioneer and Messenger space crafts indicate that Mercury has
a magnetic field
33
The Magellan spacecraft used which method to map the surface of Venus?
Radar
34
The Martian polar caps are mainly composed of what two ice forms?
water and carbon dioxide
35
The only moon in the solar system with a dense atmosphere is
Titan
36
Which planet has the older surface age? A. Venus B. Mercury
Mercury, has more impact craters
37
Ceres and Pluto are now both classified as dwarf planets: T or F
True
38
CAI’s indicate that the solar system is
4.567 billion years
39
The oldest rocks on the Moon are made of:
basalt
40
The first manned moon landing was in
1969
41
The best theory for the formation of the moon states that:
The moon was formed by a giant impact
42
Encladeus
Saturn's active ice moon, geysers if water, appears to have a subterranean ocean, could have life
43
Titan
Saturn's largest moon has a dense atmosphere of nitrogen methane and hydrocarbons could have life? has methane lakes most distant world we have landed on
44
The Cassini division
major gap in Saturn's ring system,
45
Saturn's North Polar Hexagon
Rotating storm
46
Saturn's Ring system
very thin few empty gaps made of particles of water ice
47
Age of the solar system
4.567 billion
48
most abundant element in the universe
hydrogen
49
how far is the main asteroid belt from the sun
2 to 3 AU
50
why was pluto demoted to dwarf planet?
it is not the gravitational center of a multi-body system
51
What object is both a dwarf planet and an asteroid
Ceres
52
What was returned from the Moon's surface by Apollo?
anorthosite basalt lunar soil (regolith)
53
Does the moon have an atmosphere?
no
54
what spacecraft observed Mercury in orbit?
Messenger
55
why are Venus and Earth thought of as sister planets
They are about the same size
56
Atmospheric pressure on the surface of Venus is:
90 times greater than on Earth
57
Evidence for active volcanoes on Venus
changes in sulfur content of the atmosphere with time radar imaging of fresh lava flows on the surface thermal imaging of hotter areas associated with volcanoes
58
surface air temperatures on Venus
860 degrees Fahrenheit
59
NASA mission that mapped the surface of Venus from orbit using radar
Magellan
60
what are the clouds obscuring Venus's surface made of primarily
sulfuric acid
61
The path that planets follow in the sky against the background
the ecliptic
62
what did Galileo observe about Venus that had never been seen before?
the complete cycle of phases, similar to our moons phases
63
Where is the largest volcano in the solar system?
Mars
64
What are the polar ice caps on Mars made of?
water ice and carbon dioxide ice
65
Mars has this feature in common with Venus
an atmosphere composed of carbon dioxide
66
The biological experiments designed to test for the presence of life on Mars in the 1970's were conducted by:
Viking Landers
67
One of the mysteries of Martian soil chemistry is that:
it appears to be sterile with no organic compounds, yet it is highly reactive
68
Pure liquid water probably cannot exist on the surface of Mars today because:
the very thin atmosphere
69
What are the names if Mar's two small moons?
Phobos and Deimos
70
What may provide habitats for life on Mars?
Briny liquids (salt water)
71
Venus
very dense co2 atmosphere slow backwards rotation no magnetic field no moon
72
Mars
thin co2 atmosphere | half radius of earth
73
Jupiter
``` 5 AU from sun metallic hydrogen interior four moons (Io, europa, ganymede, callisto) ```
74
largest moon in the solar system
ganymede

EARTH 113 (1 decks)

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