Final Flashcards
(35 cards)
1
Q
What do people generally want
A
- security
- legitimate government
- equal rule of law
- safety
- stability
2
Q
How Do you get conflicts to end?
A
- international intervention
- public pressure/media
3
Q
Why mighst state inerven or not?
A
- no reason to if no trade
- if their interests are threatened
- expensive
4
Q
Characterize negotiations
A
- long compicated process with multple rounds
- need good mediators
- timing must be right
- negotiator must have knowledge about culture etc.
5
Q
What is Zartmans ripeness theory?
A
-sides realizing a peace agreement would be benefiital
6
Q
what are pruitt 4 conditions for readiness theory
A
- actors realizing conflict is not longer practical or acceptible
1. low likelyhood of success
2. unbearable/unsustainable costs
3. unacceptable risk in continuing the struggle
4. pressure from improant 3rd party
7
Q
What are the 3 parameters for negotiations
A
- inclusivness
- traparant
- comprehensive
8
Q
what are spoilers
A
- try to sabatage peace negotiaonis
- may not be ripe or ready
9
Q
what does the peace process need?
A
- political willingness (ripesness)
- mutual enticing opporutiny
- security for negotiation
- confidence uilding measures
10
Q
What is DDR?
A
- disarmament - removing the weapons from combatants
- demobilization - taking combatants out of military structures
- reintegration - reintergrating combantants sociall and economically into society
11
Q
What is SSR?
A
- security sector reform
- need a PA before SSR can happen
- DDR is apart of SSR but just a crucial element of many
- effort to reform , rebuilt secuirty to make sure theyre efficient, effective, acountable
- SSR should answerable to civilian oversight
12
Q
how to civilian get reintegrated?
A
- gaining civilian status
- employment
- training
- educatoin
- could be combatants rebuilding the infrastucutre
13
Q
Why are amnesties important for after a PA?
A
- confidence building measure
- sticking point in negotiations
- act of forgiveness for pass offences, general pardon
14
Q
Why are amnesties sometimes disputed?
A
- blocking justice
- tough to promote reconciliation while punichsing war crimes
15
Q
what is the purpose of DDR?
A
- reduce military expenditures
- stimultae social welfare spending
- enhance opportunies of livli hood
- disrupt command and control of armed groups
16
Q
What did traditional DDR need?
A
-signed PA
-trust
-willingness
minimum guarantee of secuirty
17
Q
What are challenges to disarmament?
A
- not possible to get everyoe disarmed
- people will be distrusting after conflict
- lack of security means people want to protect themselves
- cant make western assumtion that citizen want to give up guns to educate themselves and get a job
18
Q
how do you demobilize
A
- provide incentives for bottom up
- focus on commanders for top down, works best with traditional state forces with clear hiarchy
- usually focus on the top, as they can be spoilers
- might have to provide inccentives like amensty to commanders
- reinseration afterwards (free post secondary educatoin in canada after ww2
19
Q
what are demobilizatino challenges?
A
- who are the combatatnts?
- if no incentive, may join other crime organizaiton
- doesnt address domestic violence
20
Q
How does reintergration work?
A
- more long term than re-insertion
- employment focus on industires with high labour
- low educated combatatns need professional training
21
Q
what are challenges to reintegration?
A
- need functioning economy to absorve combatatns
- DDR somtimes is focused too much on the D’s
- R is long term, and funds are somtimes shortterm
- citizens may not accept reintergration of violent combatants
22
Q
What are four criteria for democracy?
A
- fair and free competitive elections
- full adult sufferaege
- Civil rights
- Absence of unelected trouble makes (military)
- rule of law
- judicial and legislative checks on executive power
23
Q
what does mechkova say about democracy? (4 types)
A
- closed autocracy
- electoral autocracy
- electoral democracy
- liberal democracy
24
Q
what does mickey et al say about democracy?
A
- democratic backsliding can happened to even liberal democracies
- judiciary can be blackmailed and bullied
- use voting restrictions
- packing state agencies to protect from criminal charges
25
what are different ways to view democracy?
1. -as a process, replacing leaders peacefully through elections
- institutions, fair elections, civil political rights
- economic classic liberalism
2. -more about civil society, education, social justice
- about human values, progress
- subjects to citizens
- institutions, fair elections, civil rights, citizen engagement, state role in the economy
3. democracy is full of opposition, squabbling, inefficent
- churchill: democracy is the worst system except all others that have been tried
26
What are characteristics of GG?
being TALRRo (taller)
- transparancy
- accountability
- legitemacy
- responsivness
- rule of law
27
how is democracy benifitial combined with GG?
- check on power without checks through elections
- allows for descent / feedback loops
- replace governmnet in peaceful manner
- democratic peace theory
28
how do you build a democracy?
- instituions, constitutions, electoral system
- can be a destabilizing process
- needs attitudes
- economy
- obstacles are about physical things like poverty not religion
29
what is rule of law
- if building a sustainable country the puzzle ROL is the key
- cant be peace without Rol and without peace there cant be GG, democracy, economy, independent civil society
30
why is rule of law important after a conflict?
- to abandon violence, must be insured they will receive fair address
- cant consolidate or sustain peace without legitimate ruling structures
31
what do you need for ROL?
- get the right personal
- instituions,
- content of the laws
- processes them selves (innocence until proven guilty)
32
why is the judiciary the key to ROL?
- upholds the ROL and guarentees it
- ensures accountability and transparancy of governmnet
- provides opportunity for redress if treated unfairly
33
what does the judicail mst have?
- accountable
- independent from political and economic arenas
- impartial
34
what are judicals 4 characteristics
- security of tenure
- no interference of salaries (paid by state)
- adminsitrative indepdence
- indepdent from politics
35
what are barriers to a judiciary?
- if no police or prisons to enforce the laws they wont do anything
- if the elements of judicary are restricted there will not be justice for all
