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Final Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

assimilation

A

phonetic change- sounds next to each other become more alike to make it easier to say, ex: irregular

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2
Q

deletion

A

phonetic change- sounds are omitted, like when speaking quickly (ex: laboratory)

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3
Q

insertion

A

phonetic change- put in another sound to help make a big sound easier (ex: length as lenkth)

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4
Q

metathesis

A

phonetic change- sounds reverse in order to make easier ot say (ex: aks)

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5
Q

closed class morpheme

A

aux. verbs, determiners, prepositions, conjunctions, inflectional suffixes, pronouns

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6
Q

open class morpheme

A

nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, derivational suffixes

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7
Q

free morpheme

A

stand by itself

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8
Q

bound morpheme

A

must attach to a free morpheme

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9
Q

allomorph

A

different realizations of the same morpheme (ex: in-, im- ir- and il-

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10
Q

compound word formation

A

two free morphemes (lipstick)

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11
Q

affix word formation

A

bound and free morpheme together (ex: prefix and suffix)

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12
Q

alphabetism

A

word formation by acronym where all letters are pronounced, ex: DVD

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13
Q

acronomy

A

word formation where letters are pronounced like a word (gif)

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14
Q

clipping

A

word formation- shortened near morpheme boundary (ex: gas from gasoline)

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15
Q

backformation

A

remove what looks like an affix (emote)

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16
Q

blending word formation

A

clipping and compounding at once (Spanglish)

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17
Q

shifting

A

change part of speech (increase, spam)

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18
Q

reanalysis

A

redistribute sounds in a morpheme (apron, afar)

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19
Q

reduplication

A

repeat sounds (okey-dokey)

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20
Q

meronym

A

parts of a whole (ex: dog, tail, fur)

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21
Q

hyponym

A

tree relationship with words (ex: dog, boxer, terrier)

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22
Q

homonym

A

same spelling, but different meaning

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23
Q

homophone

A

words that sound the same

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24
Q

homograph

A

words that are spelled thee same

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25
gereralization
semantic change- a word comes to mean more, broader
26
metaphorical extension
semantic change- like gereralization,a word comes to mean more because of a common metaphor, sometimes to fill lexical gaps, poetic reasons (ex: mice)
27
euphemism
semantic change- trying to make something sound more positive (passed away)
28
dysphemism
semantic change- try to make a word sound worse (chink)
29
pejoration
semantic change- a word becomes more negative (ex: awful)
30
amelioration
semantic change- a word becomes more positive
31
reappropriation
semantic change- negative name gets used positively
32
locutionary act
literal meaning
33
illocutionary act
what the speaker is actually trying to communicate
34
prelocutionary act
how the listener understands what the speaker said
35
maxim of quantity
informative as required, but not too much
36
maxim of quality
don't lie, do not say what you lack evidence
37
maxim of relation
be relevant
38
maxim of manner
avoid obscurity, ambiguity, be brief and orderly
39
positive politeness
giving compliments, friendly, thanking
40
negative politeness
deference, apologizing, indirect speech acts to make orders
41
face-threatening act
utterance that challenges the level of politeness
42
reference cohesion
element of cohesion- reference to an antecedent (ex: pronoun)
43
ellipsis and substitution cohesion
element of cohesion- leaving out somethig metioned earlier (would you like to go? I would) and using did (she did)
44
conjunction cohesion
a logical semantic relationship is being expressed (prep phrase, conjunction, clause, etc)
45
lexical cohesion
repetition of words in sentences, use of synonyms to create semantic connections, use of collocations
46
The four elements of cohesion
reference, ellipsis and subsitution, conjunction, lexical
47
prosodic stress
natural way we speak
48
metrical stress
styled stress in a poem
49
anaphora
repetition of word or group of words in the same place in a clause
50
caesura
syntactic break in the line (Tyger! Tyger!)
51
enjambment
no syntactic break at the end of a line
52
m
m- labial, nasal, voiced
53
p
p- bilabial unvoiced stop
54
b
b- bilabial voiced stop
55
w
w- bilabial voiced glide
56
f
f- labiodental unvoiced fricative
57
v
v- labiodental voiced fricative
58
θ
th as in path- interdental unvoiced fricative
59
ð
th as in the- interdental voiced fricative
60
t
t- alveolar unvoiced stop
61
d
d- alveolar voiced stop
62
s
s as in sap- alveolar unvoiced fricative
63
z
z as in zap- alveolar voiced fricative
64
n
n as in new- alveolar voiced nasal
65
l
l- lateral alveolar voiced liquid
66
r
r- bunched alveolar voiced liquid
67
ʃ
sh as in shine- alveo palatal unvoiced fricative
68
ʒ
s as in measure- alveo palatal voiced fricative
69
tʃ
ch as in chill- alveo palatal unvoiced affricative
70
dʒ
j as in jello- alveo palatal voiced affricative
71
k
k as in king- velar unvoiced stop
72
g
g as in go- velar voiced stop
73
ŋ
ng as in ring- velar voiced nasal
74
j
y as in yellow- alveo palatal voiced glide
75
h
h as in happy- glottal unvoiced fricative
76
i
beat- tense front high
77
ɪ
bit- front high lax
78
e
bait- front mid tense
79
ɛ
bet- front mid lax
80
æ
bat- front low lax
81
ə
about- central mid lax unstressed syllable
82
ʌ
was- central mid lax stressed syllable
83
u
boot- back high tense
84
ʊ
good- back high lax
85
o
boat- back mid tense
86
ɔ
bought- back mid lax
87
ɑ
cot or awe- back low lax
88
aɪ
buy
89
ɔɪ
boy
90
aʊ
bow
91
overt prestige
value given to standards
92
covert prestige
value given to nonstandard varieties of langauge

Linguistics (1 decks)

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