FINAL

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

Learning that has persisted over time - information that has been stored, and in many cases, can be recalled

Question 2

Explicit memory

Answer 2

Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and “declare”

Question 3

Implicit memory

Answer 3

Retention independent of conscious recollection

Question 4

Episodic memory

Answer 4

Tied to certain episodes in your life

Question 5

Procedural memory

Answer 5

How we remember to do things

Question 6

Semantic memory

Answer 6

Facts and general knowledge that do not depend on recalling a particular time or situation

Question 7

Priming

Answer 7

Exposure to one stimulus influences a response to a subsequent stimulus, without conscious guidance or intention

Question 8

Encode

Answer 8

Get information into memory

Question 9

Store

Answer 9

Retain over time

Question 10

Retrieve

Answer 10

Get information out of storage

Question 11

Iconic memory

Answer 11

Perfect visual memory

Question 12

Echoing memory

Answer 12

Sensory memory of auditory stimuli

Question 13

Recall

Answer 13

A measure of memory in which a person must retrieve information learned earlier

Question 14

Recognize

Answer 14

A measure of memory in which the person need only indemnify items previously learned

Question 15

Relearn

Answer 15

A measure of memory that accesses the amount of time saved when learning material again

Question 16

Levels of encoding

Answer 16

Automatic processing-Automatically encoded.

Shallow processing-encoding information on basic auditory or visual levels, based on the sound, structure, or appearance of a word.

Deep processing-encoded semantically, based on actual meaning associated with the word.

Question 17

Mnemonics

Answer 17

Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices.

Question 18

Factors of nature vs. nurture

Answer 18

Nature- genetics

Nurture:

Parental chemical factors 
Postnatal chemical factors 
General experiential factors 
Individual experiential factors
Traumatic factors

Question 19

Developmental psychology

Answer 19

The study of our physical, cognitive, social, and emotional changes throughout our whole lives- from prenatal to preteen to post-retirement

Question 20

Maturation

Answer 20

Biological growth process that enables orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.

Question 21

Jean Piaget

Answer 21

He theorized: Humans go through specific stages of cognitive development and intellectual progression.

His question: How does knowledge grow?

Question 22

Four stage theory of development

Answer 22

Sensorimotor stage: birth to 2

Pre-operational stage: 2-7

Concrete operational stage: 7-12

Formal operational stage: 12-life

Question 23

Universal primary emotions

Answer 23

Anger
Sadness
Happiness
Disgust
Fear
Surprise

Question 24

Secondary emotions

Answer 24

Felt after the first emotion is processed- combination of emotions

Question 25

Self-conscious emotions

Answer 25

``` Guilt Shame Embarrassment Pride Envy Jealousy ```

Question 26

Emotion

Answer 26

A mind and body’s integrated response to a stimulus of some kind

Question 27

Three components of emotion

Answer 27

Physiological arousal: automatic physical response Expressive behavior: body posture, gesture, facial expression Conscious experience: subjective feelings, interpretation, perception, memories

Question 28

Facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 28

Faces/bodies don’t just show our emotions, they can influence our emotions as well

Question 29

Stress

Answer 29

The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, or stressors, that we view as challenging or threatening.

Question 30

Stressors

Answer 30

Catastrophes, significant life changes, everyday inconveniences

Question 31

Why can stress and negative emotions be bad for our health

Answer 31

Lifestyle factors: don’t eat well and exercise when feeling sad or depressed Social factors: isolating and refusing help Biological factors: increase of inflammatory proteins released in response to stress and sadness

Question 32

Social psych

Answer 32

The scientific study of how we think about, influence and relate to one another

Question 33

Attribution

Answer 33

The process of explaining events, or inferring their causes

Question 34

Attribution theory

Answer 34

The theory that we can explain someone’s behavior by crediting either their stable, enduring traits-also known as their disposition-or the situation at hand

Question 35

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 35

The tendency for observers when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and the overestimate the impact of personal disposition

Question 36

Actor-observer effect

Answer 36

The tendency to attribute our own behavior to external, situation causes - but of others to internal causes

Question 37

Self serving bias

Answer 37

The tendency to view positive outcomes as stemming form internal causes (our own effort and ability) but negative outcomes as stemming from external factors

Question 38

Conformity

Answer 38

Describes how we adjust our behavior or thinking to follow the behavior or rules of the group we belong to.

Question 39

Normative social influence

Answer 39

The idea that we comply in order to fuel our need to be liked or belong.

Question 40

Compliance

Answer 40

Changing a behavior in response to a direct request

Question 41

Obedience

Answer 41

Social influence by demand

Question 42

Social facilitation

Answer 42

Effects on performance stemming from the presence of others.

Question 43

Social loafing

Answer 43

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when polling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.

Question 44

Deindividualization

Answer 44

The loss of self awareness and restraint that can occur in group situations

Question 45

Group polarization

Answer 45

The enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

Question 46

Bystander effect

Answer 46

The tendency to assume someone else will take the lead (go first) when in a group of people.