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biology lab > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

DNA is made up of:

A

Many molecules called nucleotides.

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2
Q

Which is not found in a Nucleotide:

  • Adenine
  • Polymerase
  • Phosphate
  • Guanine
A

Polymerase

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3
Q

Give the complementary DNA sequence to:

- CCTATGGTACG

A

GGATACCATGC

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4
Q

True/False: You are a single celled organism..?

A

False

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5
Q

True/False: Bitter is one of the four basic taste groups

A

True

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6
Q

True/False: You are able to sense sound

A

True

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7
Q

True/False: Muscle tissue serves as a protective outer covering to body surfaces

A

False

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8
Q

True/False: Mechanoreceptors are sensitive to light

A

False

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9
Q

True/False: Your digestive system is involved in eating

A

True

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10
Q

What is the hierarchy of organization in multicellular organisms?

A

Cell > Tissue > Organ > Organ System > Organism

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11
Q

What is the hierarchy of organization in multicellular organisms?

A

Cell > Tissue > Organ > Organ System > Organism

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12
Q

Simple definition of a cell-

A

Basic building block of life

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13
Q

True/False: Thermoreceptors adapt to changes in temperature

A

True

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14
Q

True/False: If you have an ear infection, you may find it hard to keep your balance.

A

True

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15
Q

True/False: If you have a cold, you may have difficulty tasting the difference between bitter coffee and sweet strawberries

A

False

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16
Q

When you walk into a warm building after being outside on a cold winter day and you wash your hands with warm water, you will perceive the water temp as warmer than it really is. Why?

A

Your thermoreceptors have adapted to the winter cold.

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17
Q

In the sensory system lab, you determined the two-point threshold of your fingertip and compared it to the two-point threshold on the back of your hand. Your fingertip had a smaller threshold than the back of your hand. Why?

A

The back of your hand is less sensitive to touch than your fingertip.

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18
Q

Pain receptors adapt little if at all because-

A

Pain is a way your body tells you to stop doing whatever is causing you pain to prevent further injury.

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19
Q

Why did multicellularity most likely evolve?

A

As unicellular organisms grow, their volume increases faster than their surface area.

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20
Q

True/False: The blind spot is the result of a lack of photoreceptors on the retina where the optic nerve exits the eye.

A

True

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21
Q

How does a cell dispose of its waste?

A

Through the Plasma Membrane.

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22
Q

What are the different types of tissues?

A

Epithelial tissue, Connective tissue, Nervous tissue, and Muscle tissue

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23
Q

What is Epithelial tissue?

A

Tissue coating and protecting interior and exterior tissues.

  • Provides protection and also controls what enters and exits the body.
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24
Q

What is Connective tissue?

A

Composed of cells Scattered throughout Fluid and Fibrous Extracellular Matrix.

  • This category of tissue has the greatest diversity of specific tissue types.
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25
Q

What is Nervous Tissue?

A

Conducts most of the communication between the brain and the body.

  • Itself composed of nerve cells.
  • Controls both Voluntary and Involuntary movements.
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26
Q

What is Muscle tissue?

A

Three different types of muscle tissue:

  • Skeletal
  • Smooth
  • Cardiac

Vary by either under Voluntary control or Involuntary control.

27
Q

What are the different types of Sensory Receptors and what does each respond to?

A
  • Chemoreceptors / various chemicals
  • Thermoreceptors / heat
  • Mechanoreceptors / pressure
  • Photoreceptors / light
28
Q

What are the basic taste groups?

A
  • Sweet
  • Sour
  • Salty
  • Bitter
29
Q

What specific Chemoreceptor contributes our sense of smell?

A

Olfactory.

30
Q

What part of the heart has the most muscle surrounding it? Why?

A

Left ventricle - Pumps blood to the entire body.

31
Q

Wtf of Aorta?

A

Carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body.

32
Q

Wtf of the Capillaries?

A

Small blood vessels where CO2 & O2 are exchanged between the BLOOD and the BODY.

33
Q

What is a Heart Murmur caused by?

A

Backflow of blood from the Atrium to Ventricle (correct flow). Occurs when the valve suffers damage, causing backflow into the Atrium.

34
Q

What parts of the heart carry oxygen rich blood?

A
  • Pulmonary Vein
  • Left Atrium
  • Left Ventricle
  • Aorta

(Left = Rich)

35
Q

What parts of the heart carry oxygen poor blood?

A
  • Venae Cavae
  • Right Atrium
  • Right Ventricle
  • Pulmonary Artery

(Right = Poor)

36
Q

What is the purpose of most Arteries?

What is the one exception?

A

Carry blood oxygen-Rich Away from the heart. (A - artery, A - away)

  • Pulmonary Arteries: the Only Arteries that carry oxygen-Poor blood. (Pulmonary refers to lungs. Pulmonary Artery=Pushing blood from heart to lungs)
37
Q

What is the purpose of most Veins?

What is the one exception?

A

Carry oxygen-poor blood.

  • Pulmonary Veins: Only Veins that carry oxygen-Rich blood- Receive oxygen-Rich blood from lungs, deliver to the Aorta (name the in between locations), where it is then sent to rest of body.
38
Q

WTF of the Vena Cava?

A

Carries oxygen-poor blood from the body to the heart.

39
Q

What is/are the Alveoli?

A

Small sacs in the lungs were the CO2 and O2 are exchanged between the LUNGS and BLOOD.

40
Q

WTF of the Left Atrium?

A

Pumps oxygen-Rich blood from the body to the heart.

41
Q

If you sprain your ankle, why should you raise your leg above your head?

A

To decrease blood flow to ankle = decreasing swelling.

42
Q

During lab, why did you fold a piece of paper several times to demonstrate what biological example of form fitting function?

A

How a large surface area of Alveoli can be packaged into a very small volume in the lungs.

43
Q

___ is a virus that attacks the immune system, and ___ is a subsequent suite of opportunistic diseases that infect the body due to a compromised immune system.

A

HIV & AIDS

44
Q

What is found in a nucleotide?

A
  • Adenine
  • Phosphate
  • Guanine

NOT Polymerase

45
Q

HIV stands for:

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

46
Q

Epidemiology is:

A

The study of how diseases spread through populations.

47
Q

Define Insight Learning:

A

Solving a problem through Reasoning.

48
Q

What is an Innate Behavior?

A

A behavior with a strong genetic component.

49
Q

Define Behavioral Ecology:

A

The study of behavior within the context of evolution.

50
Q

What is the issue with unicellular?

A

Size - growth rate eventually exceeds digestion & processing of nutrients. Would burst if it remained unicellular.

51
Q

What is the function of the Digestive System?

A

Process food

52
Q

WTF of the Circulatory System?

A

Distribute materials internally.

53
Q

WTF of the Respiratory System?

A

Gas exchange.

54
Q

WTF of the Immune System?

A

Body defense.

55
Q

WTF of the Excretory System?

A

Eliminate waste. (Excrete)

56
Q

WTF of the Endocrine System?

A

Hormonal coordination of the body.

57
Q

WTF of the Nervous and Sensory System?

A

Neural coordination of body activities, manage sensory input.

58
Q

WTF of the Integumentray System?

A

Protection against injury & disease.

59
Q

WTF of the Skeletal System?

A

Support, protection for other organs.

60
Q

WTF of the Muscle System?

A

Movement and locomotion.

61
Q

WTF of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

A

Interpret signals and command the body to behave accordingly.

62
Q

WTF of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

A

Carry out info to and from the CNS and the rest of the body.

63
Q

What is PTC?

A

With PTC, individuals can either taste the chemical or taste nothing.

biology lab (2 decks)

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