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Diversity / Inclusion Healthy Living > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

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1
Q

About ____ percent of Americans drink

A

71

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2
Q

Low risk drinking

A

14 drinks a week for men and no more than 4 in one day

7 drinks a week for women and no more than 3 in one day

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3
Q

“one drink” defined by NIAAA

A

.5 ounces (15 grams)

aka…

12 oz. of beer, 5 oz. of wine, 1.5 oz. shot of 80 proof distilled liquor, or 1.5 oz of liquor in a mixed drink

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4
Q

what is “proof” of alc

A

the alc content of hard liquor, defined as twice the actual percentage of alc in the beverage

ex. 80-proof liquor is 40% alc by volume

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5
Q

Who drinks?

A

in general, people are more likely to drink at certain stages in lifespan, such as adolescence and early adulthood, threshold of middle age, and following retirement

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6
Q

Alcohol consumption is lowest in what ethnic group? and highest in?

A

African americans; native americans

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7
Q

FLushing effect

A

the reaction that Asian get to alcohol

flushed face, nausea, sweating

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8
Q

about ___ percent of high school students are binge drinkers

A

24

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9
Q

About ___ percent of college students who did not drink heavily in high school do so when in entering college

A

20

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10
Q

___ percent of drinking episodes involve adults age ___ years or older

A

70; 26

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11
Q

what is considered binge drinking?

A

5+ drinks within 2 hours for men
4+ drinks within 2 hours for women
at least once in the last 2 weeks

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12
Q

When people binge drink, their blood alcohol content rises to what percent?

A

.08 percent or more

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13
Q

Extreme drinking

A

drinking that goes well beyond binge drinking;

10-15 drinks a day for men and 8-12 drinks a day for women

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14
Q

powdered alcohol

A

one pouch mixed with with 6 oz oz liquid creates an alcoholic beverage

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15
Q

Flavored alc

A

these brands come in 3 categories:

  1. malt based
  2. ready to drink cocktails
  3. alcopops
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16
Q

Alc content volumes for malt beverages, ready to drink beverages, and alcopops

A

malt beverages: 7.8%
ready to drink: 14.2%
alcopops: 10.8%

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17
Q

alcohol particularly affects the cerebellum - which is what?

A

center for balance and motor functions

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18
Q

alcohol particularly affects the prefrontal cortex - which is what?

A

the center for executive functions

  • rational thinking
  • problem solving
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19
Q

What factors affect the rate of alc absorption?

A
  1. food in stomach
  2. gender (girls faster)
  3. age (older adults do not tolerate alc as well as young)
  4. body fat (more fat = faster intoxication)
  5. drug interaction
  6. cigarette smoke (smoking slows the increase in blood alc concentration)
  7. mood and physical condition
  8. alc concentration (more concentration = fast absorption)
  9. Carbonation (faster absorbation)
  10. diet soda (speed up absorption)
  11. tolerance
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20
Q

Where is alc metabolized?

A

little bit in stomach, 90% in liver, 2-10% not metabolized at all

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21
Q

how is alc metabolized in liver?

A

alc is converted to acetaldehyde by ADH

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22
Q

Blood Alc concentration

A

the amount of alc in grams in 100 milliliters of blood, expressed as percentage

ex. for 100 mg of alc in 100 mL of blood the BAC is .10

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23
Q

A person with high body fat will have a _____ BAC than a person with the same weight but more lean body tissue who drinks the same amount

A

higher

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24
Q

do women or men have more ADH? (the enzyme that breaks down alc in the liver)

A

men

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25
what BAC is considered drunk in all states
.08%
26
people who have normal liver function metabolize how much alc per hour?
.5 oz (one drink)
27
driving functions can be impair by what BAC?
.02-.04%
28
visible effects of regular heavy drinking
deeper wrinkles, red cheeks, weight gain
29
how many calories does beer, wine, and a shot have?
beer: 144 wine: 100-105 shot: 96
30
acute alc intoxication
a life threatening BAC of .35 or higher
31
The 2 indicators of physiological dependence are the development of
tolerance and withdrawl
32
Ways to administer drugs
1. orally 2. inject 3. inhale 4. application to mucus membranes (snort)
33
factors influencing the affects of drugs
1. characteristics of the drug, person and situation
34
drugs of abuse are usually classified as
``` stimulants depressants opioids hallucinogens inhalants cannabinoids ```
35
Stimulant
a drug that speeds of functioning of brain and sympathetic NS
36
What are CNS stimulants?
cocain amphetamines MDMA bath salts
37
depressants
drugs that slow down the function in the brain and sympathetic NS
38
CNS depressants
barbiturates and hypnotics anti-anxiety drugs rohypnol ghb
39
opiod examples
morphine heroin codeine oxycodone aka narcotics
40
hallucinogen and dissociative drug ex
LSD PCP ketamine
41
external sex organs of female
vulva and include the mons pubis, labia majora and labia minora, the clitoris, and the vaginal and urethral openings
42
internal sex organs of female
vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries
43
external male genetalia
penis and scrotum - which contain testes
44
male internal sex organs
testes, glands that secrete semen
45
hormone for sexual drive or libido
testosterone
46
testosterone stimulates the release of what neurotransmitters
dopemine and deratonin
47
human sexual response model stages
excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
48
male sex hormones | female sex hormones
androgens | estrogens and progestins
49
forms of sexual expression
1. celibacy 2. erotic touch 3. kissing 4. self stimulation 5. oral genital stimulation (cunnilingus/fellatio) 6. anal 7. sex
50
female sexual dysfunctions
1. pain during intercourse 2. Sexual desire disorder 3. female sexual arousal disorder (cant get or stay wet) 4. orgasmic dysfunction (
51
treatment for female sexual dysfunction
testosterone replacement therapy
52
male sexual dysfunctions
1. pain during intercourse 2. sexual desire disorder 3. ED 4. ejaculation dysfunction (premature ejaculation)
53
treatment for male sexual dysfunctions
relies on levels of testosterone low levels - testosterone replacement therapy viagra
54
what % of college students engage in sexting?
80
55
about ___% of unplanned pregnancies end in abortion
40
56
what is considered low birth rate?
less than 5.5 pounds
57
hormonal contraceptives
``` pills injections patches vaginal rings implants ```
58
barrier methods
physically separate the sperm from the female reproductive tract ex. female/male condom, diaphragm, cervical cap, contraceptive sponge
59
how long can sperm live in female?
6 days
60
where do pathogens live?
reservoirs - in soil or water within organisms
61
how can a pathogen enter/exit a host?
breathing, feces, genital secretion, blood, open sores, nasal/eye discharge, or insect/animal bite
62
vector
animal or insect that transmits a pathogen from a reservoir or an infected host to a new host
63
categories of pathogens
``` viruses (smallest/numerous pathogens) bacteria (single celled) prion (made of protein) fungi (single/multi cell) helminths (parasitic worms) protozoa ectoparasites ```
64
viruses consist of what
genome, capsid (protein coat), or outer covering/envelope
65
can viruses reproduce on their own
no
66
prions are known to be responsible for
mad cow disease
67
Where are prions found?
brain tissue
68
External barriers to pathogens
physical and chemical
69
immunization is based on what principle
the immune system is exposed to enough of an infectious agent to trigger an immune response
70
What functions to vaccines serve
1. protect person by stimulating immune response | 2. protect society
71
What are the disruptions of immunity?
autoimmune diseased and allergies
72
more than ___ organisms are associated with food related illness
250
73
food related illnesses include what kind of pathogens
viruses, bacteria, prions, parasites
74
what factors account for bacterial resistance
1. the frequency with which resistant genes arise naturally among bacteria through mutation 2. overuse of antibiotics
75
4 leading causes of infectious disease mortality around the world
pneumonia, diarrhea, tuberculosis, malaria
76
whooping cough
infection of respiratory tract caused by the pertussis virus
77
4 most common cancers
breast lung prostate colon
78
initiating even of cancer
must be in a location in the cells DNA that alters the functioning of a growth-controlling safety mechanism and allows a cell to evade one of the restraints placed upon health cells
79
oncogene
gene that drives cell growth regardless of signals from surrounding cells
80
hyperplasia
condition of cell overgrowth
81
dysplasia
when cells become abnormal
82
when cancer spreads from one part of the body to another
metastasized
83
common sites of metastases
brain , liver, bone marrow
84
stage 0 cancer
aka in situ | and early cancer that is present only in the layer of cells where it began
85
stage 1 cancers
generally small and localizedq
86
stages 2 and 3 cancers
locally advanced and may or may not involve local lymph nodes
87
stage 4 cancer
have metastasized to distant cites
88
carcinomas
arise from epithelial tissues
89
sarcomas
originate in CT
90
leukemias
cancers of blood, originate in bone marrow or lymphatic system
91
lymphomas
originate in lymphnodes or glands
92
UVB rays
more likely to cause sunburns and associated with skin cancers
93
UVA rays
tend to pass deeper into skin | now believed to to cause skin cancer and premature aging of skin
94
the only bacterium definately linked to cancer
heliocobacterium pylori
95
cancer treatments
``` surgery chemo radiation biological therapies bone marrow transplant gene therapy ```
96
leading cause of unintentional injury death in american
motor vehicle crashes, poisoning, falls, choking, and then drowning
97
3 main types of distractions while driving
visual manual cognitive
98
primary laws regarding motor vehicle safety
allow law enforcement officers to pull vehicles over and issue tickets solely because drivers/passengers are not wearing seat belts
99
secondary laws regarding motor vehicle safety
allow tickets to be issued only if the vehicle operator has been pulled over for violating another law

Diversity / Inclusion Healthy Living (2 decks)

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