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1
Q

Theory

A

Logically related set of concepts, organized, explains aspects of world; hypothesis; should be coherent, testable, comprehensive, practical for SW

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2
Q

Research

A

Problem solving, systematic, empirical, test theories; quantitative (objective reality) vs qualitative (subjective reality)

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3
Q

Dimensions of SW practice, multidimensional

A

Environment (physical, social structure/institutions, orgs, communities, social movements, small groups, fams)
Person (biopsychosocial)
Time-linear historical chronological age (useful for thinking of changes)(ecological systems theory)

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4
Q

Biological person—integrated approach

A

Nervous, endocrine, immune, cardio, musculoskeletal, reproductive systems

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5
Q

Biological function-systems perspective

A

Interior environment theories that explain embodied organic conditions
Results from complex transactions
Intwined with psycho, social, spiritual
Social health model->health individual experience within larger context

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6
Q

Biological functions—humanistic perspective

A

Not viewed in disease framework, understand the symptoms

Uniqueness and strengths of individual with problematic interior conditions

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7
Q

Biological function—social constructionist perspective

A

Influence by shared cultural understandings of expected roles for people with certain disorders
Functional exterior environment, task characteristics, personal attitude, available resources
Look @ developmental theories, bio may impact development, look @ how people viewed (stigma)

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8
Q

Nervous system

A

Structure and process for getting info from body to brain (cerebral cortex-high mental functioning, cerebellum-motor programming, midbrain-sleep and pain/relay center for sensory info and movement control)
CNS-brain and spinal cord
PNS-spinal and cranial nerves
ANS-nerves for GI, cardio, genitourinary, respiratory

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9
Q

Endocrine system

A

Hormone secretion (can mask/mirror psych disorders)
Different glands, organs
Role in physical growth, metabolism, development, learning, memory

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10
Q

Immune system

A

Organs and cells defend body against disease
Mobilize body resources to attack foreign elements
Increase effectiveness throughout childhood, decrease in old age

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11
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Heart, blood circulatory system
Cells with food and oxygen
ANS regulates
CNS impacts-parasympathetic (routine, slow HR), sympathetic (stress, increase HR)

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12
Q

Reproductive system

A

Internal and external
Hormones regulate it—motivates behavior
Gender/sexuality are multifaceted, influenced by culture

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13
Q

Musculoskeletal system

A

Support and protect body and organs
Provides motion
Overuse and underuse damage

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14
Q

Health and life connection

A

Bio, psycho, social interaction
Exposure to hazards in physical environment, stressors and resources for coping
Extent HC system can offset other external environment forces

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15
Q

Cognition theories

A

Thinking is basis of all behavior

Thoughts make emotions (cognition—>emotion)

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16
Q

Emotion theories

A

Psychodynamic (development) OR ineffective coping (social behavioral)
Psychological, physiological, or social context as source of emotion
Variable weight on role of cognition
Emotions—>labeled by cognition

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17
Q

Emotion vs cognition

A

Relationship complex and interactive
Symptoms may be mostly one or the other, but both influence problematic development
Cognition and emotion integrate into cohesive notion of self

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18
Q

Jean Piaget stages of cognitive development

A
  1. Sensorimotor (0-2)-coordinate senses with motor response
  2. Preoperational (2-7)-symbolic thinking, imagination
  3. Concrete operational (7-11)-concepts given to concrete situations
  4. **formal operational (12+)-end stage, gain info and use effectively in life, hormones in puberty can have negative effect
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19
Q

Kohlberg stages of moral development

A

Individual tries to define moral values and principles
Cognition, predictable, longitudinal development
1. Obedience/punishment (infant)-avoid punishment
2. Self-interest (preschool age)-want rewards
3. Conform and interpersonal accord (school age)-want approval from others
4. Authority and social order (school age)-orientation to fixed rules
5. Social contract (teens)-mutual benefit, reciprocity, utilitarian
6. Universal principle (adult)-morality based on principle that transcends mutual benefit

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20
Q

Conflict theory-stages moral development

A

Gillian’s stages of moral development
Moral code through relationships
Women’s code not accepted as base of right and wrong

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21
Q

Coping with stress requires

A

Adjustment in biological response and in perception

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22
Q

Biological coping with stress

A

Via adaptation syndrome
Body becomes aware of threat-alarm
Attempts to restore homeostasis-resistance
Body terminates coping efforts-exhaustion

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23
Q

Psychological coping

A

Use defense mechanism
Unconscious, automatic responses to minimize, keep threats out of awareness
Defense mechanisms-can be maladaptive (denial, minimize, sublimate)

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24
Q

Problem focused coping to deal with stress

A 
Change situation by action on environment (external)
Emotion focused (internal)
Change way situation attended to OR change meaning to self
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25
PTSD and stress
Relive event over and over Avoid stimuli related to event Increase arousal
26
Social support to cope with stress
Interpersonal interaction that provide feelings of attachment to people we perceive as caring Compensates as auxiliary ego-compensation for perceptual deficits Reports of increased number of inadequate support, isolation
27
Normal and abnormal coping
What you see depends on where you stand Look at social function, environment, mental/physical health Psychiatry vs psychology
28
Looking at coping from psychiatry
Harmony between self and environment Individual conform to community and culture Abnormality-underlying disturbances in person Dx based on Sx
29
Coping based on psychology
Various interventions Sequence of life stages Time context important Unsuccessful transitions=abnormal behavior
30
Spirituality defined
Toward trans personal theories Associate themes: forth force Stages of faith: Fowler Model of consciousness: Wilber
31
Transpersonal
States of human consciousness and potential that go beyond traditional view of health and normality, go beyond self and ego, connection with nature, increased awareness of relationship with nature
32
Spirituality helps
People search for meaning, purpose, connection between self, others, universe, ultimate reality, religion (set of beliefs, practices, traditions experienced in an institution over time)
33
Transpersonal psych (4th force)
Integrate spiritual and transcendent Themes: Psychodynamic-illusions or projections, projection onto others what you think/feel Assagioli-spirituality refers to all states of awareness, aren’t always aware that we are aware of Developmental-Jung Humanistic-transcendent self; self-efficacy, understanding and connecting to worth goal of living
34
Carl jung analytical psych (spirituality)
Intro and extroversion personalities Archetypes-part of collective unconscious Archetypal events Collective unconscious-images the mind shared by all Porn
35
Forth force
1. Psychodynamic-behavior determined by unconscious, instinctual needs 2. Behavioral-behavior determined by environmental forces 3. Humanistic-behavior determined by need for self-actualization, fulfilling potential 4. Transpersonal-spiritual dimension
36
Spirituality-developmental perspective | Fowlers stages
``` Faith is universal aspect of human existence-meaning, relation, ultimate environment Stages: Pre-Preprimal 1-intuitive projective 2-mythic literal faith 3-synthetic conventional 4-indivituative-reflective 5-conjunctive faith 6-universalizing faith ```
37
Spirituality is associated with | +mind-body connection
Physical and mental health outcomes Coping mechanisms and treatment (substance abuse, sexual assault, war trauma) Increased use of spirituality to complement any alternative medication; power of medication for brain functioning
38
With spirituality, SW need to
Distinguish between spiritual problem and mental disorder, assess positive and negative aspects of religion
39
What is the physical environment
Natural and built environment Source of sensory information Constrains/limits behaviors Encourages and prescribes some behaviors Concepts-privacy, personal space/territoriality (boundary regulation), crowding
40
Stimulation theories (source of sensory info)
``` Source of sensory info needed Patterns influence thinking emotions Social interaction Health Stimulus overload, restricted stimulation ```
41
Control theories (constrains behavior)
Humans want control | Some configurations of environment = more control
42
Behavior setting theories (encourages behavior)
Consistent patterns of behavior in certain settings Behavior of diff people in same setting more similar than of the same person in diff setting Concepts—behavior settings, programs, staffing
43
Challenge of definition of culture
Social constructionist definition | Multidimensional, post modern
44
Social constructionist definition of culture
Social difference and human variation Highlights cultural bases of inequality Variations in behavior bases of inequality Culture operationalizing of how diff groups express themselves Gives us belief about something
45
Multidimensional, post-modern def of culture
Set of common understanding, manifest in an act and artifact (how people understand things, external in actions) Construction of meaning, behaviors
46
History of culture
1. Traditional/premodern-preindustrial, subsistence agriculture 2. Modern-rationality, industrialization, urbanization, capitalism 3. Postmodern-contemporary, global electronic communication;focus on actions based on worldview and ethos, innovation explained by thinking and explores different meanings
47
Basic axioms of culture
Learned through social interaction, not everyone has same meaning Seek to control nature Patterns, can be maladaptive and adaptive
48
Concepts of culture
Ideology-dominant ideas about way things are/how they work Ethnocentrism-elevating own group above others Cultural symbols-verbal/nonverbal thing that stands for something else Worldview-idea of reality, concept of nature, self, society associated with cognitive domain Ethos-tone, character, and quality of life, moral style and mood, emotional Cultural innovation-adapted over time through interactions Cultural conflict-symbols can mean different things to other groups
49
Practice orientation of culture focuses on
How we construct meaning, intentionality, public behavior How we produce systemic change (conflict) Understand inequalities in culture
50
Culture changes through
1. Assimilation-abandon own culture for majority one 2. Accommodation-partial change of own culture 3. Acculturation-different groups share culture
51
Voting, International Monetary Fund, world bank, NAFTA have impact on
Social structure and institutions
52
Social inequality
Wealth gap Child poverty (what social institutions are failing) US most unequal (social health decreased, some improvement for blacks, old people)
53
Social institutions
Patterned ways to solve problems and meet requirements Organize rights and duties into statuses and roles Organize social relations Ex. Family, religion, gov, economy, education, social welfare, HC, media Social structure-term for society, set institutions
54
Trends in politics (social structure and institutions): national
Downward movement of power to states Outsourcing More inequality Marketplace economy
55
Trends in politics (social structure and institutions): global
Neocolonialism Rise of EU Upward flow of power from nations to worldwide organizations Transnational Corporate desire for more $$ More connected, creating monolithic culture
56
Trends in economy (social structure and institutions): national
Increase in contingent workforce Corporate downsizing Work intensification Limited protection by organized labor
57
Trends in economy (social structure and institutions): global
Transnational organizations | Corporations want cheap labor, more money
58
Trends in education (social structure and institutions): national
Less resources for low income areas Higher cost of college Less teachers for ESL
59
Trends in education (social structure and institutions): global
Decreased funding in Asia, Latin America, and Africa Bigger gap in average years in school for rich and poor Education for all movement
60
Trends in healthcare (social structure and institutions): national
Best quality and technology Worst for high cost and access to care Cultural bias toward aggressive treatment Impact on social inequality
61
Trends in healthcare (social structure and institutions): global
Inequality in child and adult mortality are large and growing Disease in poor countries spreads easily
62
Trends in social welfare (social structure and institutions): national
Decreased sense of public responsibility More emphasis on individual responsibility Social control
63
Trends in social welfare (social structure and institutions): global
Emphasis on aging Families more dependent-labor market insecurities World bank and IMF have impact (AIDS epidemic) Evidence on importance of early years
64
Defining family
Based on relationships (blood, law, affection, birth, marriage, adoption, emotional closeness, interdependence) Defined by: gov, orgs, social groups, self Diversity of family structure Shift in gender roles Economic differences
65
Definition of small groups
Collection of people who interact, perceive as a group Interdependent Set of rules
66
Historical perspective of small groups
Settlement houses-strengths—>problem focused after WWII Group work in 60s and 70s Mutual aid groups
67
Group structure
Formed and natural group Time limited and ongoing Open and closed
68
Group composition
Inclusion and exclusion Heterogeneity and homogeneity Cohesion
69
Group process
Status characteristics and expectation states theory Exchange theory Self-categorization, what people think others think
70
Group dynamics
Leadership (conflict—power dynamics (perceived and actual), want to keep power) Roles Communication networks
71
Group problems
``` Hard to start Not similar buy in Lack contribution and communication by group members Conflict Personality differences ```
72
Definition of formal organizations
Leadership structure, mission/goals Meet and fulfill goals, nurture development Stressful, thwarts goals, constrains behavior
73
Rational perspective-formal orgs
Org structure and process—>efficient and effective, meet goals Ideal type bureaucracy (formal rationality), scientific management, human relations theory

601 final (2 decks)

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