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Question 1

Attenuated Vaccines

Answer 1

Live bacteria, in-tact viruses
 Attenuated or modified to remove
pathogenicity
 Strong immune response, boosters
rarely needed
 Mumps, measels

Question 2

Inactive Vaccines

Answer 2

Inactive
 Dead cells or fragmented viruses
 Weaker response – boosters
needed
 Hepatitis B, Polio

Question 3

Toxoid Vaccines

Answer 3

Toxoid
 Vaccine directed at Exotoxins
 Very weak, boosters needed
 Tetanus, Diphtheria

Question 4

Recombinant Vaccines

Answer 4

Recombinant
 Genetic engineering modifies
pathogen for vaccine
 Variable strengths
 HPV

Question 5

Combination Vaccines

Answer 5

Combination
 Several vaccines mixed into 1 shot
 Variable strengths
 DTP, MMR

Question 6

What is the study of the blood stream?

Answer 6

Serology- We use it to detect infections in the blood by looking for antigens(pathogens) or antibodies(certain antibodies will only be in the blood as an immune response from infections)

Question 7

Monoclonal Antibodies

Answer 7

Monoclonal Antibodies are lab-produced. These are a single, pure
antibodies that recognizes a single antigen. Monoclonal antibodies
are utilized for many diagnostic tests
They are all clones of parent cell

Question 8

Blood typing test is also known as what?

What is it?

Answer 8

Agglutination test/Blood Typing
 Monoclonal antibodies for A, B, and Rh proteins are utilized
 Agglutination or clumping determines blood type

This test looks like a plate with three oval’s labeled A, B, and Rh

Question 9

If you have type A blood you naturally produce Anti-_ antibodies

Answer 9

Anti-B Antibodies

Question 10

If you have type B blood you naturally produce Anti-_ antibodies

Answer 10

Anti-A Antibodies

Question 11

If you have type O blood you naturally produce Anti-_ antibodies
If you have type AB blood you naturally produce Anti-_ antibodies

Answer 11

O blood- Anti-A antibodies and Anti-B Antibodies

AB blood- produces neither antibodies

Question 12

What does ELISA stand for

Answer 12

Enzyme-Linked immuno-sorbent assay

Question 13

ELISA

Answer 13

ELISA
 Very sensitive, accurate test for either antigens or
antibodies within the serum
 Enzyme-linked to antibody causes color change in positive
result
 CAN TEST FOR many antigens including HIV

This test looks like a huge number of cups each contains a specific antigen if the cups color changes its a positive result and you have that pathogen.

Question 14

Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test

Answer 14

Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test
 Monoclonal Antibodies labelled with fluorescent dye
 Detect the dye using a fluorescent microscope
 Presence or absence of dye indicates presence or absence
of antigens in sample
 THIS TESTS FOR Tuberculosis

Question 15

Point of care tests are also called what?

What is it?

Answer 15

Immunochromatographic assay

 ELISA test modified to run on a chromatography stick
 Quick, but not as sensitive as traditional ELISA
 TESTS FOR Pregnancy tests, strep throat tests

It looks like a paper like stick, you pee on the bottom, if both lines light up it indicates a positive

Question 16

What chemical do pregnancy tests detect

Answer 16

Anti-HCG