Lab diagnosis

Question 1

Six components of a CBC(complete blood count)

Answer 1

1. rbc
2. hemoglobin
3. hermatocrit
4. rbc endicease
5. wbc (white blood cells)
6. Platlet count
7. WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT DIFFERENTIAL

Question 2

RBC
Elevated symptoms
Decreased symptoms

Answer 2

Elevated RBC- Polycythemia

Decreased RBC-

1. Anemia
2. Fluid overload
3. Hemorrhage

Question 3

What are RBC Indices

Answer 3

RBC indices provide information about the size, hemoglobin concentration, and hemoglobin weight of an average RBC.

Question 4

Hemoglobin- (HGB)
Elevated syptoms
decreased symptoms

Answer 4

Elevated Hgb- Dehydration, polycythemia, COPD, CHF, severe burns

Decreased Hgb- Anemia’s, hemorrhage, excess IV fluids, leukemia, cancer, kidney disease

Question 5

Hemoglobin is comprised of ___ which carries ___

Answer 5

Hemoglobin- (HGB) Hemoglobin is composed of IRON which carries oxygen.

Question 6

What is Hematocrit (Hct)

Answer 6

Hematocrit (Hct)- Measures the concentration of packed red blood cells in the blood. Expressed as a percentage.

Question 7

Hermatocrit (hct)
Elevated syptoms
decreased symptoms

Answer 7

Decreased Level- Anemia, acute blood loss, Hemodiluted- to much liquid not enough hemoglobin and hematocrit

Increased Level- Hemoconcentration r/t dehydration Hemoconcentrated- Increased level of hemoglobin and hematocrit

Question 8

WBC (white blood cells LEUKOCYTES)
Elevated syptoms
decreased symptoms

Answer 8

Elevated WBC- Infection

Decreased WBC- Bone marrow depression R/T viral infections, toxins

Question 9

Normal WBC value?

Answer 9

4500 – 10,000 cells per cubic millimeter

Question 10

Platelet count
Elevated syptoms
decreased symptoms

Answer 10

Elevated-
Thromboctosis(increased platelet count) occur after fractures, splenectomy and in polycythemia

Decreased Wbc- Thrombocytopenia- commonly associated with leukemia. Bleeding in the skin and bruising occur.

Question 11

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (Sed Rate or ESR) Elevated syptoms
decreased symptoms

Answer 11

Increased ESR common in:
Inflammatory conditions
Rheumatoid arthritis
Malignancy
Myocardial Infarction
End-stage renal disease

Question 12

Why is sed rate done?

Answer 12

A sedimentation rate (sed rate) test is done to:
Find out if inflammation is present.
Check on the progress of a disease.
See how well a treatment is working.

Question 13

What is the purpose of Prothrombin time(pt)

INR(International Normalized ratio)

Answer 13

Purpose:
To evaluate blood clotting time
To monitor response to ORAL(ON TEST) anticoagulant therapy

The International Normalized Ratio (INR) is used to monitor the effectiveness of blood thinning drugs such as warfarin

The higher the value the thinner the blood

Question 14

What is the purpose of Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

Answer 14

Purpose
Used to monitor Intravenous therapy
To screen for clotting factor deficiencies

The higher the value the thinner the blood

More sensitive than the (PT)in detecting deficiencies

Question 15

Assessment Finding: Low serum blood glucose level, confusion, cold clammy skin, tingling of the mouth, shallow rapid respirations, increased HR and BP

Answer 15

Glucose lower than 70 – 110 mg/dl
Hypoglycemia
Intervention: Restore glucose to the body-orally if possible or IV (D50)

Question 16

Assessment Finding: High serum glucose level, fruity odor to breath, polyuria, polydipsia, increased thirst and hunger, hot flushed skin

Answer 16

Glucose greater than 70 – 110 mg/dl
Hyperglycemia
Intervention: Administer medications to decrease glucose level (insulin)

Question 17

Assessment Finding: Decrease in serum potassium levels, weakness, muscle cramps, irregular pulse, NVD

Answer 17

Potassium - 3.5 – 5.3 mEq/l
Hypokalemia
Interventions: Replace serum potassium (IV or oral supplement) and monitor serum levels of potassium

Question 18

Assessment Finding: Increase in serum potassium level, muscle cramps, low heart rate, low BP, diarrhea, decreased urine output

Answer 18

Potassium - 3.5 – 5.3 mEq/l
Hyperkalemia
Interventions: Decrease the serum potassium concentration (Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate), monitor serum levels of potassium, and monitor cardiac rhythm

Question 19

Assessment Findings: Visual changes(client complaines that room is too dark in daylight)

Answer 19

Ocular Toxicity
Interventions: Monitor for any visual changes when giving any medication that is known to cause ocular damage; discontinue medication after notifying physician. Monitor lighting

Question 20

Assessment Findings: Dizziness, ringing in the ears(tinnitus), loss of balance

Answer 20

Auditory Damage
Interventions: discontinue medication after notifying physician if a decrease in hearing is noted on assessment. Protective measures to prevent fall or injury.

Question 21

Assessment Findings: Paralysis, tingling, bizarre dreams, confusion, hallucinations, delirium

Answer 21

General Central Nervous System (CNS) Effects

Interventions: Prevent injury. Caution patient to avoid dangerous situations (driving)

Question 22

Assessment Findings: Dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision, bloating constipation, impotence(inability of man to get erection)

Answer 22

Atropine-like (Anticholinergic) Effects
Interventions: Sugarless lozenges to keep mouth moist; have the patient void before administration of the medication, bowel program, control side effects, provide safety measures

Question 23

Assessment Findings: Muscle tremors and changes in gait, “jittery”, drooling

Answer 23

Parkinson-like Syndrome

Interventions: Discontinue medication

Question 24

Assessment Findings: Involuntary movements, slowed reflexes, fever, increased HR and BP

Answer 24

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

Interventions: Discontinue medication