Final

Question 1

How does regulation of the hypothalamus occur?

Answer 1

Feedback from the end organ production of hormones

Question 2

What hormones does the pos. pituitary release?

Answer 2

ADH

Oxytocin

Question 3

What is the M/C presentation of pituitary hyperfunction?

Answer 3

hypersecretion of growth hormone

Question 4

What is the primary cause of acromegaly?

Answer 4

Pituitary adenoma

Question 5

What are the 5 types of thyroiditis?

Answer 5

Hashimoto's 
Subacute
Painless
Suppurative
Riedel's

Question 6

Type of thyroiditis that is autoimmune, primary, early-hyper then later hypo?

Answer 6

Hashimoto’s

Question 7

Type of thyroiditis caused by a viral infection?

Answer 7

Subacute

Question 8

Type of thyroiditis that is autoimmune, caused by thyrotoxicosis & seen in post-partum women

Answer 8

Painless

Question 9

Type of thyroiditis caused by a bacterial infection, presents w/ severe neck pain

Answer 9

Suppurative

Question 10

Type of thyroiditis that presents w/ a stony neck mass & compressive symptoms

Answer 10

Riedel’s

Question 11

What is the M/C cause of primary hypothyroidism in the US?

Answer 11

Hashimoto’s

Question 12

What do lab findings show assoc w/ hashimoto’s?

Answer 12

Antithyroid antibodies

Question 13

What are signs assoc. w/ hashimoto’s?

Answer 13

Diffuse bilobar, nodular, firm enlargment of thyroid (M/C)
Gland may also be atrophied & not palpable
May manifest as weight gain, delayed return phase of reflexes

Question 14

What are other autoimmune disorders assoc. w/ Hashimoto’s?

Answer 14

Pernicious Anemia
Type I DM
Primary adrenal insufficiency
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Premature Ovarian Failure

Question 15

Subacute thyroiditis usually follows what type of infection?

Answer 15

Upper respiratory tract infection

Question 16

What are the signs of subacute thyroiditis?

Answer 16

Enlarged, painful, markedly tender thyroid

S/S of hyperthyroidism

Question 17

What lab finding is assoc. w/ subacute thyroiditis?

Answer 17

Elevated ESR

Question 18

What are some symptoms of thyrotoxocosis?

Answer 18

Tachycardia
Weight loss
Diaphoresis

Question 19

Severe hypothyroidism characterized by nonpitting edema

Answer 19

Myxedema

Question 20

Term reserved for untreated neonatal/congenital hypothyroidism

Answer 20

Cretinism

Question 21

What are symptoms assoc. w/ hyperthyroidism?

Answer 21

Nervousness
Sweating
Sensitivity to heat
Palpitations
Fatigue
Dyspnea
Increase in appetite
Eye irritation
Swelling in legs
Increased freq. of bowel movement or diarrhea

Question 22

What are signs of hyperthyroidism seen in the elderly?

Answer 22

CHF
Atrial fibrillation
Prox. muscle weakness

Question 23

What are signs of hyperthyroidism seen in children?

Answer 23

Accelerated linear growth

Eye signs are more common

Question 24

What is the ddx for hyperthyroidism?

Answer 24

Anxiety
Malignancy
AIDS
Thyroiditis
Pheochromocytoma

Question 25

A benign epithelial tumor in which the cells form recognizable glandular structures or in which the cells are clearly derived from glandular epithelium

Answer 25

Adenoma

Question 26

What are symptoms of a thyroid adenoma?

Answer 26

Usually asymptomatic but can cause hypo/hyperthyroidism Occasionally painful d/t growth, inflammation, or hemorrhage Particularly large nodules can cause compression of adjacent structures Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis may be present

Question 27

M/C endocrine tumor?

Answer 27

Thyroid carcinoma

Question 28

M/C type of thyroid cancer?

Answer 28

Papillary carcinoma of thyroid

Question 29

Rarest form of thyroid cancer?

Answer 29

Anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid

Question 30

What is the therapeutic mainstay for the tx of thyroid cancer?

Answer 30

Surgery

Question 31

Disorder that manifests in the form of primary adrenal insufficiency, which involves pathology in the adrenal glands themselves

Answer 31

Addison's Disease

Question 32

What are symptoms of addison's crisis?

Answer 32

Extreme hypotension | Circulatory collapse

Question 33

What are signs of Addison's disease?

Answer 33

Hyperpigmentation (vitiligo) Hypotension Hypoglycemia Fever of unknown etiology

Question 34

What hormone is usually affected in Addison's?

Answer 34

Cortisol

Question 35

What is the M/C cause of Addison's?

Answer 35

Autoimmune destruction of gland

Question 36

Disease of excessive quantities of glucocorticoids, whether secreted by the adrenal cortex (endogenous) or administered (exogenous)

Answer 36

Cushing's Disease

Question 37

What are symptoms of Cushing's?

Answer 37

``` Weakness assoc w/ prox. myopathy LBP Depressed mood Emotional lability Frank psychosis Polyuria Polydipsia ```

Question 38

This is a tumor of chromaffin cells which secrete carcholamines, predominately norepinephrine

Answer 38

Pheochromocytoma

Question 39

What is the ddx for pheochromocytoma?

Answer 39

Essential HTN Anxiety disorder Intracranial lesions Thyrotoxicosis

Question 40

What is the M/C cause of hypercalcemia in the outpatient population?

Answer 40

Hyperparathyroidism