final

Question 1

What are the helicopter airframe components?

Answer 1

Forward fuselage
intermediate fuselage
tail boom
landing gear
cowlings (mast fairing)
vert stab
horiz stab
tail skid/guard

Question 2

Dynamic components?

Answer 2

main rotor
mast
pitch links
swash plate
main gearbox
tail rotor
tail rotor gearbox
driveshaft
coupling

Question 3

What is the purpose of colour coding?

Answer 3

Match the rotor and pitch links

Question 4

What is a datum?

Answer 4

A reference point for finding a location on the aircraft

Question 5

What are the rotor blade movements?

Answer 5

feathering
flapping
teetering
lead/lag

Question 6

What are the types of rotor heads?

Answer 6

Rigid
Semi-rigid
Fully Articulated

Question 7

What is the purpose of a strap?

Answer 7

Allow feathering

Attach the rotor blade

Question 8

What is a static stop?

Answer 8

Maximum teeter limit

Question 9

What is a droop stop?

Answer 9

Limits how far a blade can droop, needed on blades that flap

Question 10

What is a dynamic stop?

Answer 10

Teeter limit that changes with rotor speed

Question 11

What is the purpose of a pre-cone angle?

Answer 11

Relieves stresses in the rotor head

Question 12

Methods of lubrication on a main rotor head

Answer 12

Oil or grease
Self-lubricated
Life lubricated

Question 13

What is IGE vs. OGE?

Answer 13

IGE - condition of improved performance within 1/2 - 2 rotor diameter from the ground
OGE - greater than 1/2 - 2 rotor diameter from the ground

Question 14

What is transverse flow?

Answer 14

Reduces angle of attack by altering the relative airflow, greater at the aft blade

Question 15

Benefits of translational lift?

Answer 15

Reduced induced flow increases angle of attack

Tail rotor operates in relatively clean air

Question 16

Compensation for law of conservation of angular momentum on a semi-rigid rotor system?

Answer 16

Underslung mounting

Question 17

Compensation for law of conservation of angular momentum on a fully articulated rotor system?

Answer 17

Lead/lag

Question 18

Methods of compensation for dissymmetry of lift?

Answer 18

Flapping hinge changes angle of attack

Differential cyclic

Question 19

What is dissymmetry of lift?

Answer 19

Unequal lift produced throughout the rotor system

Question 20

What is the law of conservation of angular momentum?

Answer 20

When the center of mass of a rotating object moves upward, causing acceleration

Question 21

How does retreating blade stall impact Vne?

Answer 21

If Vne is exceeded, retreating blade stall will occur

Question 22

What is vortex ring state?

Answer 22

Descending through rotor downwash (eating its own wake)

Question 23

What is mast bumping?

Answer 23

Action of the rotor head striking the mast, occurring on underslung rotors only

Question 24

What are the primary flight controls on a helicopter?

Answer 24

Tail rotor (anti-torque) pedals
Collective
Cyclic

Question 25

What are some extra controls found on the collective?

Answer 25

``` landing lights start switch governor (beep) governor on/off idle release throttle twist grip pop-out float trigger ```

Question 26

What are some extra controls found on the cyclic?

Answer 26

intercom and radio push to talk (PTT) cargo hook release trim

Question 27

Components of a tail rotor control system

Answer 27

Push-pull tubes (some use tele-flex) Bell cranks Walking beams

Question 28

What is a mixing unit?

Answer 28

Converts separate cyclic and collective inputs into a common set of inputs to the swashplate Prevents collective inputs from effecting cyclic positions

Question 29

What is the main purpose of hydraulic servos in a flight control system?

Answer 29

To provide flight control boost

Question 30

Describe the need for trim systems and gradient units

Answer 30

To provide artificial feedback in the system

Question 31

List the different types of gearboxes found on a helicopter

Answer 31

Main rotor Tail rotor Intermediate Combining

Question 32

What is included in the pylon?

Answer 32

Main rotor Mast Main gearbox

Question 33

What is the purpose for a clutch?

Answer 33

Unload the engine during startup

Question 34

Different types of clutches?

Answer 34

Automatic clutch - centrifugal engagement | Manual clutch - mechanical, electrical (controlled by the pilot)

Question 35

Purpose of a freewheel?

Answer 35

Allows the engine to drive the rotor system without the rotor system driving the engine. Permits autorotation

Question 36

Types of freewheels

Answer 36

Ramp and roller | Sprag

Question 37

2 functions of anti-torque system

Answer 37

Anti-torque thrust | yaw control

Question 38

How to counteract lateral drift

Answer 38

- pilot - mixing bellcrank which mixes slight lateral cyclic as collective is moved - mounting the main rotor transmission so the main rotor is tilted to the side

Question 39

Different anti-torque systems?

Answer 39

tail rotor Fenestron NOTAR

Question 40

What is the purpose of a delta-3 hinge?

Answer 40

Allows the blade to change to a lower angle of attack whenever it is flapped

Question 41

Types of airframe structures

Answer 41

Steel tube or tubular monocoque semi-monocoque composite

Question 42

What is the purpose of the vertical stabilizer?

Answer 42

Correction to torque

Question 43

Purpose of synchronized elevators?

Answer 43

To change the C of G

Question 44

What is used to counteract the helicopter's "nose-down" tendency?

Answer 44

Horiz stab | Forward tilt of the main rotor mast

Question 45

What gas is commonly used for pop-out floats?

Answer 45

Nitrogen or Helium

Question 46

Configurations of multiple main rotor helicopters

Answer 46

- Co-axial - Tandem - Synchrocopter

Question 47

Illustrate pitch, roll and yaw for intermeshing rotor systems

Answer 47

Pitch and Roll: just like normal helicopters | Yaw: Differential pitch between the two rotors

Question 48

What is a Kamen servo-flap?

Answer 48

Trailing edge flap that controls the blade's angle of attack