Final Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
There are no exceptions to the octet rule?
A
False
2
Q
Ionic bonds are highly polar bonds?
A
True
3
Q
Polarity is determined by finding the difference in electronegativity?
A
True
4
Q
Metallic bonds are between two non metals?
A
False
5
Q
Metallic compounds are good conductors of heat and electricity?
A
True
6
Q
What element would be an exception to the octet rule?
A
Hydrogen
7
Q
What type of bond is formed by atoms sharing electrons?
A
Covalent
8
Q
What type of bond is formed between two metals?
A
Metallic
9
Q
What property is the tendency of an object to form 2 localized regions of opposite character?
A
Polarity
10
Q
What is the measure of an atoms ability to attract electrons to itself in a chemical bond?
A
?
11
Q
What is the force that is exerted between electrical charges that holds covalent compounds together?
A
Electrostatic force
12
Q
Which are the two dimensional diagrams that show the bonds between different atoms?
A
Lewis Structure
13
Q
Ploy-atomic compounds that have a positive or negative charge are called?
A
Poly-atomic Ions
14
Q
What is the orderly arrangement of ions in an ionic bond called?
A
Crystal Lattice
15
Q
What theory states that electrons in a metallic bond are freely floating around?
A
Electron-Sea Theory
16
Q
What are the electrons that have lost their association with a nucleus and act as the glue that holds metallic bonds together?
A
Delocalized Electrons
17
Q
What are notable exceptions to the general characteristics of covelant compounds?
A
Network Covelant Substances
18
Q
What is a mixture of a metals atoms with another element and has metallic properties?
A
Alloys
19
Q
Attaining a full valence shell is called the
A
Octet rule
20
Q
What type of bonds are formed when one atom steals the electrons from another atom?
A
Ionic Bonds
21
Q
Sigma and pi bonds are the same thing?
A
False
22
Q
There are never any exceptions to the Octet rule?
A
True
23
Q
A nonbonding pair of electrons is considered an area of electron density?
A
True
24
Q
Covalent bonds are always nonpolar?
A
False
25
Molecular geometry helps determine the shape of molecules?
True
26
What theory is also called the localized electron theory, and concerns the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms?
Valence Bond Theory
27
What type of bond is an end-to-end bond, and is the stronger bond?
Sigma bond
28
What type of bond is a side-by-side bond, and is the weakest bond?
Pi bond
29
For some molecules, no single Lewis structure can completely describe the distribution of electrons. There bonds arrangement can alternate between different structures. What is this called?
Molecure Resonace
30
Which theory suggests that the orbitals of a molecules atoms are replaced by totally new orbitals when a molecule forms?
Molecular Orbital Theory
31
Which theory focuses on the locations of highest electrons density surrounding the central atom in a molecule, and looks at how those areas repel one another?
VSEPR
32
What shape typically has the central atom surrounded by 4 areas of electron density?
Tetrahedral
33
Which shape is Y-shaped with all 4 atoms lying on a single plane?
Trigonal Planar
34
When electrons are shared, but they are unequally shared, the bond is called?
Polar Covalent Bond
35
What is a measure of molecular polarity called?
Dipole Moment
36
Alkali metals have a -2 oxidation number?
False
37
Ionic compounds use the Greek prefix system?
False
38
The word binary means 2-element, in chemistry?
True
39
Chemical equations use an arrow instead of an equal sign?
True
40
A decomposition reaction combines 2 or more substances into a single product?
False
41
What represents the number of electrons that an atom in a compound must gain or lose to return to its neutral state?
Oxidation Numbers
42
The IUPAC developed a systematic way to name compounds called a?
Nomenclature
43
What type of compounds used the Greek prefix system?
Binary Covalent Compounds
44
What are the compounds that hold a characteristic amount of water in their crystalline structure called?
Hydrates
45
The substance present before a reaction occurs, on the left side of the equation, are called?
Hydrates
46
The substance presents before a reaction occurs, on the left side of the equation, are called?
Reactants
47
What type of reaction combines 2 or more substances into a single product?
Synthesis Reaction
48
In what type of reaction does a reactive element replace a less reactive element in a compound?
Single-Replacement Reactions
49
What is the amount of a substance contained within Avogadro's number is called?
Mole
50
What is the mass of one mole of any pure substance called?
Molar Mass
51
Which formula shows the types of atoms involved, the exact composition of each molecule, and the arrangement of chemical bonds?
Structural Formula
52
What formula tells what elements are present and give the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in the compound?
?
53
What formula shows the types and numbers of atoms involved as they appear in the molecule?
?
54
What law states that the ratio of elements in a compound are constant for every particle in that compound?
Law of Definite Composition
55
What shows the mathematical relationships between the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction?
Stoichiometry
56
What reactant is used up first and prevents more products from forming?
Limiting Reactants
57
What reactants are leftover after a reaction?
Excess Reactants
58
What is the maximum amount of product that could be created from a given amounts of reactant?
Theoretical Yield
59
What is the actual measured amount of product at the end of a reactant?
Actual Yield
60
What is the percentage of the theoretical yield that was actually produced?
Percent Yield
61
What describes the mass composition of a compound by showing what percentage of its total mass comes form each element?
Percent Composition
62
What is Avogadros number?
6.022 x 10^23
63
What is the lens which someone views the world?
Worldview
64
What type of data describes?
Qualitative
65
What is anything that takes up space and has mass called?
Matter
66
What type of reasoning goes from large statements to specific conclusions?
Deductive
67
Ancient chemistry practiced by Egyptians, Romans, Arabs, and Europeans is referred to?
Alchemy
68
True scientists have no idea?
False
69
What is a persons basic assumptions about the world called?
Presuppositions
70
What mandate calls us to use wise dominion over the Earth and creation?
Creation Mandate
71
Models help make complicated things easier to understand?
True
72
Scientific ideas that try to explain phenomenon?
Theory
73
Matter is divided up into what 2 major categories?
Pure substance and Mixtures
74
The amount of matter packed into given volume is?
Density
75
What change alters the identity of the substance?
Chemical change
76
What is a uniform mixture that appears as one layer?
Homogeneous Mixture
77
The law of conservation of mass-energy states what?
Mass-energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only changed
78
How many chlorine atoms are in the formula 2NaCl2?
4
79
Ductility is the ability of a material to transfer heat/electricity between its particles?
False
80
The ability to do work is called?
Energy
81
What law states, "all natural processes tend toward the highest entropy and minimum usable energy"?
Law of Entropy
82
What type of reaction gives heat off?
Exothermic
83
What is the act of comparing an unknown quality to a standard unit?
Measurement
84
What means "one of something" and is included in every measurement?
Units
85
All non zeros are NOT significant?
False
86
What is the metric unit of length?
Meter
87
What type of instrument is nondigital?
Analog
88
Convert 9.789 cL to mL
97.89 mL
89
Convert 0.0067 km to m?
6.7 m
90
How many significant digits are in 45.070 km?
5 SDs
91
How many significant digits are in 0.371 cg?
3 SDs
92
Neils Bohr developed a mathematical atomic model?
True
93
Who suggested that electrons were only in certain energy levels, which he called principle energy levels, outside the nucleus?
Niels Bohr
94
Two electrons in a single atom can have the same quantum number?
False
95
Who was a professor at Cambridge who reasoned that there was a small region in an atom called the nucleus?
Ernest Rutherford
96
Who was the first to develop an atom model based on experimental evidence?
John Dalton
97
What is the long hand electron configuration for sodium?
1s^1, 2s^2, 2p^6, 3s^1
98
What is the short hand electron configuration for potassium?
[Ar]4s^1
99
How many neutrons are in a Carbon- 14 isotope?
8
100
What are named because they form slats when they react with other reactive metals?
Halogens
101
What is a graphic description of how elements differ from one another?
Periodic Table
102
Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas?
True
103
What are compounds that combine with oxygen called?
Oxides
104
What element has the strongest electronegativity?
Fluorine
105
Which type of metals have characteristics that lie somewhere between metals and nonmetals?
Metalloids
106
The vertical columns on the periodic table are called periods or series?
False
107
what are soft metals that are very reactive because of a single loosely held electron?
alkali metals
108
What type of ions have lost electrons to make them have a positive charge?
Cations
