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Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Anticipatory Warrant

A

One based upon prior knowledge or an affidavit showing probable causethat at some further time

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2
Q

Curtilage

A

portion of the residence that is not open to the public

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3
Q

Exclusionary Rule

A

esetablished that courts cannot accept evidence obtained by unreasonable searches and seizures

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4
Q

Good-Faith Doctrine

A

established that illegally obtained evidence may be admissible if the police were truly unaware they were violating the suspects fourth amendment rights

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5
Q

Inevitable Discovery Doctrine

A

established that if illegally obtained evidence would in all likelihood eventually have been discovered legally it may be used

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6
Q

Particularity Requirement

A

dictates that a search conducted with a warrant must be limited to the specific area and specific items named in the warrant

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7
Q

Terry Stop

A

detaining, questioning, and possible frisking of an individual based on the officers reasonable suspicion of that individuals involvement in criminal activity

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8
Q

Ballistics

A

the study of projectiles, from propulsion through flight to impact

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9
Q

Caliber

A

diameter of a weapons bore as measured between lands, as well as the size of the bullet intended for use with a specific weapon

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10
Q

Cast

A

the physical reproduction of an impression

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11
Q

Chain of Custody

A

documentation of what has happened to evidence from teh time it was discovered until it arrives in court

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12
Q

DNA Profiling

A

forensic analysis of blood, hair, saliva, etc. from almost any part of the body to ascertain a positive identity.

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13
Q

Individual Characteristics

A

features that distinguish one item from others of the same type

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14
Q

Integrity of Evidence

A

referring to the requirement that any item introduced in court mus be in the same condition as when it was found a the crime scene

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15
Q

Latent Fingerprints

A

print impressions transferred to a surface

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16
Q

Prima Facie Evidence

A

established by law

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17
Q

Probative Evidence

A

tends to prove guilt or innocence

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18
Q

Admission

A

statement containing some information concerning the elements of a crime but not quite a confession

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19
Q

Custodial Interogation

A

questioning by law enforcement officers after a person has been taken into custody

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20
Q

In Custody

A

that point at which an officer has decided a suspect is not free to leave

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21
Q

Interrogation

A

questioning people suspected of direct or indirect involvement in the crime being investigated

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22
Q

Testimonial Hearsay

A

prior testimony made as a result of police interrogation

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23
Q

De Facto Arrest

A

functional equivalent of an arrest

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24
Q

Entrapment

A

tricking someone into committing a crime that he or she would not normally commit

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25
Fixed Surveillance
observing a location from a fixed location
26
Criminal Homicide
includes murder and manslaughter and is a felony
27
Excusable Homicide
unintentional, truly accidental killing of another person
28
First Degree Murder
premeditated killing of another person or killing someone while committing or attempting to commit a felony
29
Heat of Passion
Extremely volatile emotional condition
30
Hesitation Wounds
less severe cutting marks caused by an individuals attempts to build up nerve before making a fatal cutting wound
31
Homicide
killing of one person by another
32
Postmortem Lividity
dark blue or purple discoloration of the body where blood has drained to the lowest level after death
33
Rigor Mortis
stiffening of the joints of the body after death because of partial skeletal muscle contraction
34
Toxicology
study of poisons
35
Cadaveric Spasm
body spaz's after death and has death grip
36
What are the 4 categories of death?
Natural Accidental Suicide Homicide
37
Aggravated Assault
unlawful attack by one person on another to inflict severe bodily injury
38
Battery
actually hitting or striking someone
39
Simple Assault
intentionally causing another person to fear immediate bodily harm or death or intentionally inflicting or attempting to inflict bodily harm on another
40
Stalking
the willful commission of a series of acts that would cause a reasonable person to fear death or serious injury
41
Date Rape
type of sexual assault where the victim knows the suspect
42
Indecent Exposure
revealing ones genitals to another person to such an extent as to shock the others sense of decency
43
Statutory Rape
sexual intercourse with a minor; with or without consent
44
Voyeurism
the act of gaining sexual pleasure from watching others when they are naked or engaged in sexual activity
45
Exploitation
taking unfair advantage of children or using them illegally
46
Lewdness
touching a minor to arouse, appeal to or gratify the perpetrators sexual desires
47
Neglect
failure to meet a childs basic needs
48
Munchausen Syndrome
involves self induced injuries
49
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
tragic condition that takes the lives of young victims and for which parents may become suspected of child abuse
50
Robbery
felonious taking of anothers property either directly form the person or in teh persons presence using force or intimidation
51
Stockholm Syndrome
psychological issue where hostages bear no ill feelings toward the hostage takers and fear the police more than their captors
52
Ways to break into a safe
``` Blowing A Safe Burning A Safe Chopping A Safe Dragging A Safe Peeling A Safe Pulling A Safe Punching A Safe ```
53
Burglary
unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft
54
Fence
go-between who receives stolen goods for resale
55
Target Hardening
altering physical characteristics of a property to make it less attractive to criminals
56
Verified Response Policy
procedure implemented by some law enforcement agencies whereby they will not respond to a burglary alarm unless criminal activity is first confirmed
57
Locards Principle of Exchange
basic forensic theory that objects that come in contact with each other always transfer material, how ever minute, to each other
58
Embezzlement
fraudulent appropriation of property by a person to whom it has been entrusted
59
Flaggers
thieves who go around neighborhoods targeting mailboxes with their flags up
60
Battered Woman Sydrome
The set of symptoms, injuries, and signs of mistreatment seen in a woman who has been repeatedly abused by a husband or other male figure.
61
Dyer Act
made interstate transportation of a stolen motor vehicle a federal crime and allowed for federal assistance in prosecuting such cases
62
Arson
malicious burning of a building or property
63
Depth of Char
how deeply wood is burned
64
Fire Triangle
Air, Fuel, and Heat
65
Line of Demarcation
The boundary between charred and un-charred material
66
Cybercrime
a criminal act that is carried out using cyber technology and that takes place in cyberspace
67
Hacker
a computer buff
68
Terrorism
unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, in furtherance of political or social objectives
69
Homeland Security Agencies
Customs, TSA, Coast Guard, Secret Service, FEMA, ICE
70
Adversary System
justice system used in the US Prosecution v. Defense and neutral Judge
71
Cross-Examination
questioning by the opposite side in a trial that attempts to assess the validity of testimony given under direct examination
72
Direct Examination
initial questioning of a witness or defendant during a trial by the lawyer who is using the persons testimony to further their case
73
Exceptionally Cleared
disposition of a case when circumstances outside the investigation result in no charges being filed
74
Expert Witness
person who has had special raining, education or experience
75
Rebuttal
testimony by a witness for the prosecution given to contradict the testimony presented by the defense
76
The Well
area within the courtroom that is in front of the judge and between the judge and attorneys tables
77
Witness Sequestration Rule
common practice of excluding witnesses from the courtroom during a trial to prevent one witness from hearing another witnesses testimony
78
Criminalistics
specialists trained in recording, identifying, and interpreting the minute details of physical evidence
79
Crime Mapping
focuses on hot spots where crimes occur
80
Modus Operendi
refers to the motives and patterns behind a criminal
81
Baseline Method
Establishes a straight line from one fixed point to another, from which measurements are taken at right angles
82
Rectangular Coordination Method
uses two adjacent walls of a room as fixed points from which distances are measured at right angles from each wall
83
Triangulation Method
uses straight line measurements from two fixed objects to the evidence to create a triangle with the evidence in the angle formed by the two straight lines
84
Cross-Projection Sketch
presents the floor and walls of a room as though they were on the same surface
85
Photographs should be taken in what order?
General Area, Specific Area, Specific Objects
86
Fourth Amendment
forbids unreasonable searches and seizures
87
The most important limitation on searches is...
they must be narrow in scope
88
AFIS
Automated Fingerprint Identification System
89
CODIS
Combined DNA Index System
90
Basic types of equipment used to process a crime scene.....
camera, notebook, gloves, fingerprint brush, tape, magnifying glass
91
At what point should an arrested individuals rights be told?
Before any questioning
92
Confession
a statement about a crime and admitting to committing the crime
93
Human Trafficking & Smuggling difference
The individuals freedom of choice
94
CTR
Currency Transaction Report
95
Ritualistic Crime
a crime committed with or during a ceremony
96
IED
Improvised Explosive Device
97
Elements of a Crime
specific conditions that must occur for an act to be called a specific kind of crime
98
Circle of Violence
Tension Building Acute Battering Honeymoon
99
Asset Forfeitures
allows law enforcement agencies to seize funds and property associated with criminal activity and effectively subjects criminals to 100 percent tax on their earnings

Criminal Investigation (1 decks)

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