Final

Question 1

Articles of Confederation

Answer 1

The first governing document. Gave states the majority of power and was replaced by the Constitution.

Question 2

Constitutional Convention

Answer 2

Convention where the Constitution was written. The documents gave the federal government more power.

Question 3

Great Compromise

Answer 3

A compromise reached during the Constitutional Convention in which a bicameral legislature was established (one house of Congress that was based on population, and one that had the same number of representatives from each state).

Question 4

Three-Fifths Clause

Answer 4

Controversial Constitutional compromise that said that slaves count as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of counting the population.

Question 5

Bill of Rights

Answer 5

The first ten amendments to the Constitution, which guaranteed to individuals rights like freedom of speech and freedom of religion.

Question 6

Precedents

Answer 6

George Washington set many standards as president that future presidents followed. For example, a cabinet of advisors, not being treated like royalty, being called Mr. President, serving for two four-year terms.

Question 7

Federalists

Answer 7

A political party based on the ideas of Alexander Hamilton. Wanted a strong central government and a focus on manufacturing. Had positive views toward the wealthy and England.

Question 8

Republicans

Answer 8

A political party based on the ideas of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. Wanted strong state governments and a focus on small farmers. Had less positive views toward the wealthy and England.

Question 9

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 9

When small farmers in western Pennsylvania revolted against the government’s Whiskey Tax, a Federalist plan which was made to raise money for the Federal government. Washington led the army against the rebellion.

Question 10

Washington’s Letter to the Jews of Newport, Rhode Island

Answer 10

A letter from George Washington in which he promised the Jews of Newport, Rhode Island that they were welcome in America and that the government would give “to bigotry no sanction…to persecution no assistance.”

Question 11

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 11

Passed by John Adams. These acts made it easier to remove foreigners from the US and made it harder for foreigners to vote. They also made it illegal to publicly criticize the US government (this is against the First Amendment to the Constitution).

Question 12

Election of 1800

Answer 12

First election where power changed from one political party to another. The Republican Thomas Jefferson defeated the Federalist John Adams and the Republican Aaron Burr in a controversial election.

Question 13

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 13

Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory from the French leader Napoleon Bonaparte for about four cents per acre. This doubled the size of the US. It is debatable whether or not this purchase was allowed by the Constitution.

Question 14

Corps of Discovery

Answer 14

Expedition to explore the west organized by President Jefferson. Led by Merriwether Lewis, William Clark, and the Native American guide Sacagawea

Question 15

Judicial Review

Answer 15

The name for the Supreme Court’s ability to declare laws unconstitutional. Created by Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall.

Question 16

War of 1812

Answer 16

A war between the US and Great Britain during James Madison’s presidency. The war was a draw. During the war, the White House was burned down and Francis Scott Key wrote The Star-Spangled Banner about the British bombing of Fort McHenry in Baltimore. New England Federalists considered seceding during the war America emerged from the war a more united country.

Question 17

Samuel Slater

Answer 17

A British factory worker who illegally brought the British factory system to the US.

Question 18

Urbanization

Answer 18

Increased popularity of cities during the era of industrialization.

Question 19

Company Towns

Answer 19

Company-owned towns like Lowell, Massachusetts entered around a factory, where workers would live, work, shop, and go to school.

Question 20

Steam Engine

Answer 20

A major invention that impacted industrialization.

Question 21

Turnpikes

Answer 21

Private roads created by private companies. People had to pay to use these roads.

Question 22

Canals

Answer 22

Artificial rivers that helped connect America. The Erie Canal better connected New York City with Upstate New York and the Midwest.

Question 23

Steamboats

Answer 23

Boats that were powered by steam popularized by Robert Fulton and his Steamboat, the Clermont.

Question 24

Railroads

Answer 24

Started in the early 1800s. The first commercially successful railroad was the Baltimore & Ohio.

Question 25

Eli Whitney

Answer 25

The inventor of the cotton gin, which made cotton much more economical to produce, greatly expanding Southern slavery. He also popularized interchangeable parts, which contributed to the growth of northern manufacturing.

Question 26

Andrew Jackson

Answer 26

The so-called “President of the Common Man”. During his presidency, he ended the bank of the United States; he ended the Tariff Crisis (when South Carolina considered seceding) and the Indian Removal Act (which led to the Trail of Tears) was passed. Jackson was president during the time when more white men were allowed to vote.

Question 27

Democrats and Whigs

Answer 27

Political parties that started as reactions to Andrew Jackson's presidency. The Democrats liked him, and the Whigs thought he had too much power.

Question 28

Trail of Tears

Answer 28

The forced march of Cherokee Native Americans from their home in Georgia farther west to Oklahoma. 4,000 Cherokees died on the march.

Question 29

Manifest Destiny

Answer 29

The belief by many Americans that it was their clear destiny to expand from the east coast to the west coast

Question 30

Immigration

Answer 30

The first major wave of immigration after America became a country, which included mostly poor Irish people moving to Eastern cities, mostly middle-class Germans moving to the Midwest, and mostly poor Chinese people moving to the West. Immigrants faced poverty and prejudice in America

Question 31

Seneca Falls Conference

Answer 31

The first major American women's rights conference, where the Declaration of Sentiments was signed, including a statement (considered very extreme at the time) that women should be allowed to vote

Question 32

Abolitionism

Answer 32

The belief that slavery should end in the US. Leading abolitionists included Frederick Douglass, a freed slave who rallied support in the north, Harriet Tubman, a freed slave who ran the Underground Railroad, and Nat Turner, a slave who led a violent Revolt in the south