Final

Question 1

Normal CVP

Answer 1

2-6

Question 2

Normal PAP

Answer 2

25/8 or 14

Question 3

Normal PCWP

Answer 3

6-12

Question 4

Normal CO

Answer 4

4-8

Question 5

Normal SVR

Answer 5

1600

Question 6

Normal PVR

Answer 6

200

Question 7

Cardiac Output Standard Equation

Answer 7

HR x SV

Question 8

Cardiac Output Fick Equation

Answer 8

VO2 / Ca-Cv x 10

Question 9

SV Equation

Answer 9

CO/HR

Question 10

Cardiac Index Equation

Answer 10

CO / BSA

Question 11

PVR Equation

Answer 11

[(MPAP-PCWP) / CO] x 80

Question 12

MPAP (MAP) Equation

Answer 12

Systolic + (Diastolic x 2) / 3

Question 13

SVR Equation

Answer 13

[(MAP-CVP) / CO] x 80

Question 14

Blood pressure moves from ______ to _________

Answer 14

high pressures to low pressures

Question 15

Flow of Blood

Answer 15

r heart, lungs, l heart, systemic system

Question 16

Why would CVP be low and how to fix

Answer 16

dehydration, hypovolemia or vasoconstriction. Fix with fluids or vasoconstriction drugs

Question 17

Why would CVP be high and how do you fix it

Answer 17

fluid overload. fix with diuretic

Question 18

CVP relates to the function of________________

Answer 18

right heart (RH Failure, Cor Pulmonale)

Question 19

When PAP is high

Answer 19

may be due to blockage in lungs or left heart (pulmonary embolism, air embolism, pulmonary hypertension)

Question 20

How to get PCWP reading

Answer 20

balloon must be inflated and wedged in the pulmonary artery

Question 21

PCWP relates to the function of ___________

Answer 21

left heart (mitral valve stenosis, CHF, Pulmonary Edema, High PEEP

Question 22

Increase in C(a-v)O2 means ___________ CO

Answer 22

decreased

Question 23

Decreased C(a-v)O2 means ______________ CO

Answer 23

increased

Question 24

How do you treat decreased Cardiac Output

Answer 24

cardiac inotropic and/or chronotropic medications

Question 25

SVR relates to the function of

Answer 25

left heart

Question 26

PVR relates to the function of

Answer 26

right heart

Question 27

PCWP is usually the same or lower than ___________

Answer 27

PA diastolic pressure

Question 28

If (PAd-PCWP) is greater than 5, this indiciates

Answer 28

increased PVR

Question 29

PAP greater than 35/15 means

Answer 29

pulmonary hypertension

Question 30

What is preload

Answer 30

the filling pressure of the ventricle at the end of ventricular disatole

Question 31

How is Pre-load estimated

Answer 31

by measrung the end-diastolic pressures. CVP and PAWP readings

Question 32

What is contractility

Answer 32

the force that the ventricle generates during each cardiac cycle.

Question 33

How is Contractility estimated

Answer 33

by using ejection fraction

Question 34

Normal Ejection Fraction

Answer 34

65%-75%

Question 35

Ejection Fraction formula

Answer 35

SV/EDV

Question 36

What is After-load

Answer 36

resistance heart must overcome for blood flow to occur (PVR and SVR)

Question 37

Resistance=

Answer 37

pressure/flow

Question 38

Increased Vascular Pressure means _______ heart work

Answer 38

increased (opposite for decrease)

Question 39

What is CVP

Answer 39

the pressure of blood in the right atrium or vena cava. ALso called RVEDP

Question 40

What is SVR

Answer 40

a measure of resistance to blood flow through the systemic system circulation (left heart)

Question 41

What is PVR

Answer 41

a measure of pulmonary vascular resistance and increases with pulmonary vasoconstriction, as seen in hypoxemia and acidosis (right heart)

Question 42

Bubbling in chest tubes water seal indiates

Answer 42

a leak or bronchopleural fistula

Question 43

How long do you leave a chest tube in

Answer 43

48hours AFTER air leaks resolve

Question 44

What is a chest tube

Answer 44

allows you to meaure rate of bleeding (fluid), improves ventilation, allow for lung re-expansion

Question 45

When is ETCO2 measured

Answer 45

at the end of exhalation

Question 46

Indications for ETCO2 measurment

Answer 46

evaluate V/Q ratio, determine position of ETT, monior integrity of artificial airway

Question 47

What is the normal difference in PaCO2 and ETCO2

Answer 47

usually 3-5

Question 48

A sudden drop in O2 means

Answer 48

the vent disconnecred or the adapter is clogged with secreations

Question 49

What is PvO2

Answer 49

oxygen usage through the body

Question 50

What is SvO2

Answer 50

percent of oxygen that is in blood when it returns to the right atrium

Question 51

What are the risks associated with injuries to C3 and C%

Answer 51

Diaphragmatic Paralysis

Question 52

Normal MAP

Answer 52

70-100

Question 53

Normal PVO2

Answer 53

30-40

Question 54

Normal SV02

Answer 54

65-75

Question 55

If ETCO2 is increasing, what happens to PaCO2

Answer 55

it increases

Question 56

Indications for chest tube

Answer 56

pneumothorax, hemothorax, pleural effusion

Question 57

Goals of a chest tube

Answer 57

to drain air or fluid

Question 58

what is the collection chamber

Answer 58

collects fluid from the patient. subdivided into columns to assess the amount drained. color anf consistency

Question 59

what is the water seal chamber

Answer 59

one way valve allowing air to escape and no re-enter pleural space. filled to 2cm of fluid. Water rise during spontaneous exhalation and falls during inspiration (opposite when patient is on ventiltior)

Question 60

What is the suction control chamber

Answer 60

regulater amount of vacuum applied to chest tube. filled to a depth of 20cm of fluid.

Question 61

Indications for ETCO2

Answer 61

to identify proper placement of ETT, to assess effectiveness of compressions during CPR, to continuously monitor CO2, to trend CO2