Final Flashcards
What is Tetralogy of Fallot?
- Stenosis or narrowing of pulmonary artery decreasing blood flow to lungs.
- Hypertrophy of the right ventricle, which enlarges because it must work harder to pump blood through the narrow pulmonary artery.
- Dextroposition of the aorta in which the aorta is displaced to the right and blood from both ventricles enters it.
- Ventricular Septal Defect
Treated w/ shunts and open heart surgery.
What is Tet position?
Infants with Tetralogy of Fallot can have paraoxysmal hypercyanosis or “tet” spells. Placing the child in a knee-to-chest position relieves these symptoms. Older children will spontaneously squat when a tet spell occurs.
How is Tetralogy of Fallot diagnosed?
Chest x-ray showing a boot-shaped heart. Electrocardiogram, electrocardiography and cardiac catheterization can also confirm diagnosis.
Define Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
There is an underdeveltopment of the left side of the heart usually resulting in an absent or non-functional left ventricle and hypoplasia of the ascending aorta. Can be diagnosed before birth and placed on transplant list. Symptoms include grayish, blue skin and mucous membranes and signs of CHF. Survival without intervention is rare.
What vaccinations are recommended for a child that is 2 months old?
Dtap, Pneumococcal conjugate, and rotavirus.
What vaccinations are recommended for a child that is 4 months old?
Dtap, Pneumococcal conjugate, Rotavirus and Meningococcal conjugate
What vaccinations are recommended for a child that is 6 months old?
Dtap, Pneumococcal conjugate (high risk children only), Rotavirus
What vaccinations are recommended for a child that is 12 months old?
MMR-Var, Pneumococcal, Meningococcal
What is a characteristic of medication absorption in a child under the age of 5 ?
Rapid intestinal transit
What are the 2 ways to calculate pediatric dosages?
- Dosage per body weight
- Dosage per body surface area (only used with specific drugs, ex: chemo)
What is a Wilms Tumor?
Malignant renal tumor
May be genetic
Few or no early symptoms in early stages
Usually discovered due to mass in abdomen
May cause hypertension due to renal damage
What is Hydrocele
Excessive fluid in sac that surrounds testicle causing scrotum to swell.
orrected by surgery
What is Chorea?
CNS disorder characterized by involuntary purposeless movements
What is Polycythemia and which disease is it seen in?
Increased red blood cells; Seen in TOF because the body is compensating for lack of oxygen by producing more RBC’s.
What is Pulse Pressure?
Difference between highest and lowest blood pressure levels
What is a Tet spell?
Paroxysmal hypercyanotic episode
What are 5 signs that indicate an infant may have a congential cardiac problem?
Cyanosis, Tachypnea, Failure to Thrive, Dyspnea, and visible pulsations in the neck veins
Heart defects can be classified as lesions that….
- Increase pulmonary bloodflow
- Decrease pulmonary bloodflow
- Obstruct ventricular bloodflow
What 4 defects make up Tetraology of Fallot?
Ventricular Septal Defect, Hypertrophy of Right Ventricle, Dextroposition of Aorta, and Stenosis of Aorta
Why are prophylactic antibiotics given to children with heart disease?
To prevent bacterial endocarditis
Kawasaki’s disease causes _____ of the vessels in the cardiovascular system, which can result in _______
Inflammation; Aneurysm
Name 3 medications that may be used in the treatment of Kawasaki disease?
Gamma Globulin, Wafarin & Aspirin Therapy
What is the most common congenital heart defect occurring in children?
Ventricular Septal Defect
Explain the difference between sickle cell trait and sick cell disease?
In sickle cell trait the child is a carrier of the disease. The child will not manifest the disease. In sickle cell disease, the child has inherited the trait from both parents and experiences the disorder.
