Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Therapeutic Modalities: Physical Agent Modalities and Splinting > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

(91 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What modalist is US?

A

Deep Heating Modality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What US is good for?

A 
Musculoskeletal
Pain
Soft Tissue Injury
Arthritis 
Bursitis 
Frozen Shoulder 
Tenosynovitis 
Scare Management
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does US do with electrical energy?

A

Transfroms into acusting energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Reverse Piezoelectic Effect?

A

Crystal inside the sound head due to electrical current expands and contracts. Generating sound waves in the range from 800,000-3,000,000Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What kind of wave is US producing?

A

Longitudinal Wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Cavitation?

A

Formation of and collapse of gas vapor-filled cavities in liquids and occurs in relation to the compression and rarefaction cycles of ultrasound.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Based on the tissue the US waves can be?

A

Transmitted
Absorbed
Reflect-bone interface
Refracted-bone/periosteum interface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

True of Fales. Does air causes total reflection of ultrasound?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Summation Effect?

A

Reflection of the waves traveling towards the sound head of US.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Beam Nonuniformity Ratio (BNR) what is that, what number is best?

A

It’s Maximum intensity of the transducer to the average intensity produced across the face of the transducer
Lower the BNR better
BNR 5 is excellent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are hots spots on transduces?

A

The highest peak in intensity due to the formation of the stone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the effects of US thermal on tissue?

A

Heating deep tissue using kinetic energy

Causing vibration of the molecules that cause the heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the effects of US nonthermal on tissue?

A

Effects are the result of acoustic streaming at the cellular membrane with stable cavitation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are a clinical indication for the use of theraml US

A 
Facilitate tissue healing by;
Increasing blood flow
increasing metabolic rate 
Increasing tissue permeability 
Increasing viscoelasticity of connective tissue for stretching.
Decreases pain
Decreasing chronic inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the best time to do AROM or PROM when it comes to US treatment?

A

During the treatment or 3-5 minutes past

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

To increase heat with US we can do either?

A

Increase the amplitude w/cm2
increase the wave to continuous wave
increase treatment time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Thermal setting on US is the best to use when?

A

During chronic conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The Mechanic/non-thermal is the best to use when?

A

The acute phase of recovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are a clinical indication for the use of Mechanical/nontheraml US?

A

increase phagocytic activity
increased fibroblasts with enhanced protein synthesis
Decrease inflammation in the treatment area
Increase granulation tissue
Increase angiogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

1MHz wil provide ?

A

Deeper penetration of US from 2.5 to 5cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

3MHz will provide?

A

More superficial penetration of US from 1cm to 2.5cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ultrasound duty cycles for thermal?

A

80% to 100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

US duty cycles for nonthermal?

A

20%-30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Convection?

A

Transfer of heat by a fluid movement from one place to another. Whirlpool, fluid therapy.
(transfers of temperature based on the constant movement of a medium over the surface).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is Conduction?
The direct transfer of temperature example hot packs.
26
What is Evaporation?
Coolant sprays or sweating
27
What is Conversion?
One form of energy to another such as US
28
What is radiation?
Think 'heating lamb | Movement of radiant energy through the air to a surface
29
What methods of transfer of heat/cold do we have?
``` Convection Conduction Evaporation Conversion Radiation ```
30
Clinical rationale for Hot application?
``` Decreased pain Decrease stiffness Increase ROM Increase tendon gliding Increase viscosity of synovium Enhance healing Promote relaxation ```
31
Clinical Rationale for Cold application?
``` Decrease pain Decrease acute and subacute inflammation Decrease edema Chronic pain Myofascial trigger points Muscle guarding Bursitis Spasticity. ```
32
HEAT will increase?>
Blood flow - vasodilation, capillary permeability, and histamine Cell metabolism Delivering O2 Muscle contraction velocity
33
HEAT will decrease?
Pain with analgesic effect on free nerve ending Fluid viscosity Muscles spasms
34
Heating effect of superficial heat don't go deeper then?
2cm
35
Superficial Heat: Increase temperature of the tissue 1-2 cm At 1 cm the tissue increased by..... degrees? Tissue deeper than 2 can increase by ..... degrees?
6 | 2
36
The therapeutic effect achieved when subacute tissue reaches an elevated temperature of?
104 to 133 degrees F
37
Hydropcollatory Machine /Hot Pack
A most common cause of injury Hydrocollatory is kept at 165 to 175 Hot pack reaches 104-133
38
Paraffin
``` Wax is heated to 118-135. 126 perfect Delivers circumferential heat to small joints Dip 8 to 10 times Good for softening the skin ```
39
Fluid therapy
105-118 degrees Treatment time around 20 minutes Fine particles suspended in a hot air stream
40
Whirlpool/hydrotherapy
``` 10-20 minutes of treatment Good for active mobilization Gravity elimination Commonly used for wound debridement. The temperature depends on the treatment goal. ```
41
Cryotherapy increases?
ROM secondary to a reduction in pain, edema
42
Cryotherapy decreases?
Inflammation Edema Pain Muscle Spasm
43
Indication for Cryotherapy?
``` Acute trauma 24 yo 72 hours muscle soreness edema arthritic exacerbation acute tendonitis/bursitis hematoma ```
44
What are precautions for Superficial thermal modalities
``` Open wounds Pregnancy Advanced age Menses Impaired cognition Previous experience with the physical agent Peripheral vascular disease Metastases ```
45
Interactive Reasoning?
Person Perspective - Getting to know the person through understanding the impact the hand condition has had on the person's life.
46
Narrative Reasoning?
Consider the person's occupational story, taking into consideration activities, habits, and roles
47
Pragmatic Reasoning?
Consider practical factors, such as payment, demonstration, equipment availability, and expected discharge environment
48
Conditional Reasoning?
Reflect on the person's whole condition, taking into consideration the person's life before the condition happened. Environment Physical, social, and cooperation of the person.
49
Procedural Reasoning?
Problem-solving the best orthotic approach, taking into consideration the person's diagnostically-related performance areas, components, and context.
50
Orthosis for Fractures Purpose:
Protection/immobilization of healing bone and tissue Used both conservatively and post-operatively Often placed in orthosis after case removal due to weak structures pain and edema management Can creat Stiffness.
51
Elbow Fractures Orthosis
Usually posterior custom desgine at 90 or prefab locking hinge orthosis Leave wrist free, unless radius and ulan need immobilization then include wrist in order to limit FA rotation Shirt immobilization period due to elbow's propensity for stifness 2 to 3 weeks
52
Wrist Fractures Orthosis
Distal Radious fracture most common Volar or circumferential immobilization Usually slight wrsit extension Do not corss MPC-leave digits free to flex
53
Digit Fracture orthosis
Digits and metacarpal fixation Custom orthosis common for immobilization need to stabilize bone both proximal and distal to fx Positioning may vary by MD Requires adjustment as edema decreases and as ROM is allowed to progress
54
TMC (CMC) OA orthosis ?
Short opponens/Short thumb spica | Dorsal and radial subluxation of 1st metacarpal adducts and loses extension leading to MCP hyperextension and IP flexion
55
Swan Neck defomity orthosis management
PIP hyperextesnion, DIP flexion Prevent further deformity Stablize joint Decrease pain
56
Boutonnier deformity orthosis management
PIP flexion, DIP hyperextesnion Immobilization include PIP in full extesnion, MCP and DIP free Orthostic wear for 6 - 8 weeks full time Try static progressive or serial casting if flexion contracutre presist.
57
Radial Nerve Palsy position of the area?
Stabilize wrist | MCP extension assists done with elastic strapping.
58
Median Nerve orthosis
Prevent thumb add contracture (web Space contracture) | Can be for nighttime,
59
Ulnar Nerve orthosis
Prevent RF/SF from clawing | Put MP's in flexion
60
Trigger Finger Orthosis
MP extesnion | Ip's free
61
Long Opponens orthosis
Radial vs Palmar thumb position depending on dx Thumb position DeQuervains, Scaphoid fx
62
Spasticity Orthosis
``` Cone Achieve balance length of intrinsic vs extrinsic Adjust design as patient progresses Skin checks Wearing schedule ```
63
Hand and wrist immobilization position
wrist neutral to 20-30 degrees ext MCPs 50 – 90 degrees flex (wide range- depends on presentation) thumb partial opposition
64
Flexor Tendon Repair Orthosis?
Dorsal Blocking Orthosis (Most common) Wrist 0-20, MP 50-60, IPs 0 Immobilization (children, cognitive limitations)
65
Kleinert Splint what that?
Active extension up to block, passive flexion via outrigger.
66
Work of flexion = Drag, and Resistance.. what we need to do when we want to work with a patient with flexor tendon repair?
Decrease swelling PROM for joint stiffness Wrist position when doing an active exercise (wrist neutral, wrist ext) Speed of exercise - Go slow.
67
Postop Duputyrens what orthosis is appropriate?
Extension orthosis/Pan Orthosis.
68
What is the purpose of mobilization orthosis?
Provide substitute motion for lost AROM Provide low load prolonged stress to increase ROM Active redirection to improve ROM Allow for controlled motion s/p tendon repair.
69
What are the types of mobilization orthosis?
Serial Static Static Progressive Dynamic
70
Orthosis Precautions
``` Skin atrophy Insensate hand Vascular compromise Pain Edema Bony Prominence Patient's cognitive and cooperation level. ```
71
Articular Orthosis
Most common Crosses at least one joint Uses three-point pressure system to affect a joint or joints by immobilizing, mobilizing, restricting, or transmitting torque
72
Nonarticular Orthosis
Do not cross joint. Use two-point pressure force to stabilize or immobilize both segment
73
When it comes to articular orthosis and location
The anatomical area included in the orthosis ex. Articular orthosis- include a joint name (PIP jt)
74
When it comes to nonarticular orthosis and location
Include the name of a long bone (humerus, radius)
75
What is the purpose of mobilization orthosis?
Designed to move or mobilize primary of secondary joints
76
What is the purpose of Immobilization orthosis?
Designed to immobilize primary of secondary joints
77
What is the purpose of Restriction orthosis?
Limit specific ROM of a joint
78
What is the purpose of Torque Transmission?
Transfer motion to another location (exercise orthosis)
79
Orthosis Design Classification: Static
Holds position
80
Orthosis Design Classification: Serial Static
Remolding of a static orthosis as motion increases
81
Orthosis Design Classification: Dropout
Allows motion in one direction, while blocking the other motion
82
Orthosis Design Classification: Dynamic
Applies a elastic tension force
83
Orthosis Design Classification: Static- Progressive
Use of inelastic components | allows pt to adjust tension
84
Static Orthosis what do they do?
Rigid, no moving parts Use to support after injury Used to protect healing tissue Used to prevent motion
85
Serial Static Orthosis what do they do?
Rigid device used to increase ROM | Fabricated to allow for ROM gains
86
Static progressive Orthosis what do they do?
Component pieces included to increase ROM
87
Drop Out Orthosis what do they do?
Allows motion in one direction, while blocking the other motion
88
Dynamic Orthosis what do they do?
``` Rigid orthosis with moving parts that help mobilize soft tissue of jts Used to resolve stiffness Gain ROM Provide muscle substitution Control mobilizing force ```
89
What temperature of the water should be.... in order to allow for the thermoplastic material to be moldable?
135-180 degrees
90
Clients' consideration when providing orthosis?
``` Cognition Compliant Cost Ability to don/doff Functional status with an orthosis ```
91
Orthosis Precautions what are they?
``` Redness Pressure areas Numbness/tingling Shearing Edema Pain Skin breakdown Changes in temperature ```

Therapeutic Modalities: Physical Agent Modalities and Splinting (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions