FINAL Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
What does polyhydramnios indicate
A
Could indicate GI malformation of the fetus
2
Q
What does polyhydramnios mean
A
There’s too much amniotic fluid >2,000 ml
3
Q
What does oligohydramnios indicate
A
Could indicate renal malfunction
4
Q
What does oligohydramnios mean
A
There’s too little or not enough amniotic fluid <300 ml
5
Q
How much amniotic fluid do we want
A
800-1200 ml
6
Q
Nullipara
A
Woman who has not completed pregnancy beyond 20 weeks of gestation
7
Q
Nulligravida
A
Woman who has never been pregnant and is not currently pregnant
8
Q
Multigravida
A
Woman who has had 2 or more pregnancies
9
Q
Multipara
A
Woman who has completed 2 or more pregnancies to 20 weeks or more
10
Q
Primigravida
A
Woman who is pregnant for the first time
11
Q
Primipara
A
Woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus or fetuses who have reached at least 20 weeks
12
Q
What is conception
A
The union of a single egg and sperm and marks the beginning of pregnancy.
Ovum is released during ovulations, sperm enters the female reproductive system, sperm and egg join
13
Q
Where does fertilization occur
A
Ovum and egg join in the outer 1/3 of the fallopian tube which leads to the uterus which houses the baby
14
Q
How long are sperm fertile
A
48 hours
15
Q
How long are ovum fertile
A
24 hours
16
Q
Where does implantation occur
A
Implantation occurs in the endometrium, the lining of the uterus
17
Q
When does implantation occur
A
6-10 days after fertilization and mom can experience bleeding or spotting
18
Q
When does placenta develop
A
Week 3
19
Q
When is placenta fully functional
A
Week 12
20
Q
What is the maternal side of the placenta called
A
Dirty Duncan
21
Q
What is the fetal side of the placenta called
A
Shiny schultz
22
Q
What happens in month 1 of gestation
A
Limb buds begin to form Hematopoiesis Day 25 heart is beating 4th week the GI system is functioning Neural tube formation
23
Q
When does the fetal heart start beating
A
Day 25 during the first month
24
Q
What is the first body system to function in the fetus
A
The cardiac system which means these will be the first abnormalities we will see if there’s any
25
What happens during month 2
```
Ears, ankles, and wrists are developed
Eyelids shut
Hematopoiesis continues
By 5th week fetus is swallowing and voiding
The brain has 5 lobes
Pancreas and nerve fibers form
Rh factor develops
```
26
Why is Rh factor important
It is the 2nd most important factor when looking at blood type
Rh factor is either - or +
Found as protein on RBCs
27
During what time will defects usually occur
3-5 weeks during embryonic stage
28
How long does the embryonic stage last
Day 15- week 8
29
What happens during month 3 of the first trimester
```
Fingers and toes
Soft nails
Baby teeth develop
Doppler ultrasound to hear baby heart
Renal function
Moving
Producing hormones
Sex characteristics develop
Lanugo covers baby
Vernix caceosa
```
30
What is lanugo
Little fine hairs that cover the baby
31
What is vernix caceosa
Cheese like coating
| Protects baby from amniotic fluid bc baby can have skin breakdown
32
How long is the first period of reactivity
The first 30 minutes after birth
33
The second period of reactivity
Lasts 2-8 hours
34
Neonatal period
Occurs from birth to 28 days
35
How long does baby have to pass meconium
Up to 24 hours but usually happens between 2-8 hours
36
What are some feeding cues
Baby puts their hand to mouth and start sucking "rooting and sucking"
They turn their head looking for nipple
They may start to cry and scream
37
What is the newborns GI like
It is sterile
38
Brick dust urine
Normal
Happens as renal system begins to work and uric acid crystals clear out
EDUCATE PARENTS
39
Hydrocele
Accumulation of fluid in scrotum
40
Hypospadias
Urethra is on ventral surface of penis (underneath)
41
Hyperspadias
Urethra is on dorsal surface of penis (superior or top part)
42
What indicates hip dislocation in infant
Uneven gluteal folds
Uneven thigh folds
Knees uneven
43
What test do you do for hip dysplasia
Ortolani's maneuver
44
What is Ortolanis maneuver
The examiner's hands are placed over the child's knees with his/her thumbs on the medial thigh and the fingers placing a gentle upward stress on the lateral thigh and greater trochanter area. With slow abduction, a dislocated and reducible hip will reduce with a described palpable “clunk.”
45
Interventions for hip dysplasia
Harness
Double diaper
May need surgery
46
What are the 2 types of of jaundice
Physiologic
| Pathologic
47
What are the 2 types of bilirubin
Unconjugated (indirect)
| Conjugated (direct)
48
Unconjugated bilirubin
```
Fat soluble (insoluble)
Can cross the BBB & cause neurotoxicity
```
49
What can unconjugated bilirubin cause
Kernicterus
50
Conjugated bilirubin
Water soluble
| Excreted in waste
51
How do you get rid of conjugated bilirubin
By feeding baby and letting them poop
52
When does physiologic jaundice appear
after 24 hours of age
53
How often does physiologic jaundice occur and how do you treat it
occurs in 60% of infants
| Usually resolves without treatment
54
Which is most common pathologic or physiologic jaundice
Physiologic
55
When does physiologic jaundice peak
at 2-4 days old
56
When does pathologic jaundice occur
Happens WITHIN 24 hours
57
What is the common cause for pathologic jaundice
Cause by hemolysis caused by maternal-newborn blood incompatibility
58
Some s/s of jaundice
Starts @ sclera and works down
Yellow-orange discoloration
Lethargy
Don't want to eat
59
Acute bilirubin encephalopathy
Acute manifestations of bilirubin toxicity
60
Kernicterus
The irreversible, long term consequences of bilirubin toxicity such as hypotonia, delayed motor skills, etc.
61
Heart rate for newborn
120-160 bpm
62
Heart rate when baby sleeps
80-100
63
Heart rate when baby cries
180 or higher
64
What is persistent tachycardia in newborns
>160
65
Persistent tachycardia is a sing of
Anemia
Hypovolemia
Hyperthermia
Sepsis
66
What is persistent bradycardia
<100
67
Persistent bradycardia is a sign of
Heart block
| Hypovolemia
68
What happens to RBCs at birth
They are elevated b/c fetal circulation is less effective
69
What happens to WBCs at birth
First day they are elevated 24,000
| By day 2 they drop stay @ 12,000
70
Newborns platelet levels
They are not able to synthesize vitamin K bc of immature and sterile GI system
Vitamin K is important for clotting
71
How are newborn given vitamin K
Through IM injection
72
When do are alveoli lined with surfactant
Week 35-37
73
Respirations when baby is born
30-60
74
What are signs of respiratory distress in newborn
```
Retractions
Stridor
Episodes of apnea
Acrocyanosis
Central cyanosis
```
75
Acrocyanosis
Blueish/purple discoloration of the hands and feet
Normal for first 24 hours
After this time it is a concern!
76
Cyanosis
Discoloration around the mouth, on the chest
77
6 things babies are doing when going through periods of reactivity
1. establishing and maintaining respirations
2. Experiencing circulatory changes
3. Digesting and ingesting nutrients
4. They're eliminating and regulating their weight
5. Learning to regulate their temperature
6. Establishing relationships
78
Caput succedaneum
```
Normal
Fluid
Edema area on the head
Caused from pressure against the cervix
Can cross the suture line
```
79
When does caput resolved
3-4 days
80
Cephalohematoma
Does NOT cross suture line
Very well defined
Bleeding between skull and its cover
Since it doesn't cross suture line you can have two visible areas
81
When does cephalohematoma resolve
2-8 weeks
82
What complication can cephalohematoma cause
Jaundice
| Accumulation of blood so when it begins to resolve RBCs are going to be broken down into Hgb then to bilirubin
83
Mongolian spots
Look like bruises but are benign
Common in darker skin
Disappear by 2 years
Important to document
84
Nevi stork bites
Small flat pink red
Typically found on the forehead, eyelids, back of head
Sometimes don't completely go away
85
Erythema Toxicum newborn rash
No clinical significance
86
Treatment for newborn rash
No real treatment
No lotion
Let it run its course
Lasts from month 1-28 days after
87
Rooting and sucking
feeding cue
You touch their cheek or lip and they turn their lip to their head to stimuli
They open their mouth to try and suck
88
When does rooting and sucking disappear
3-12 months
89
Babinski's relfex
Done of the lateral aspect of the foot
Assessed bilaterally
Stroke foot and dorsiflex of the big toe and rest of toes fan out
90
When does Babinski's reflex disappear
1-2 years if it last longer could indicate neurological damage
91
Palmar reflex
Place an object in their hand and they're going to curl their fingers around it
92
When does plantar reflex disappear
by 4 months
93
Plantar reflex
Place an object under their toes and they will curl over object
94
When does plantar reflex disappear
By 4 months
95
Moro reflex
Happens when someone bumps into their crib
96
When does moro reflex disappear
By 4 months
97
What sense is the least developed in newborns
Vision
98
Factors that promote involution
Frequent ambulation
Uterine contractions
Breast feeding
99
What is the normal estimated blood loss
500 ml for vaginal delivery
| 1000 for C-section
100
Factors that slow involution
```
Full bladder
Previous labors (multiparous)
Prolonged labor
Anesthesia
Infection
Retained placenta fragments
```
101
What are some sources of folic acid
Leafy green veggies
Liver
Turkey
Chicken
102
How much weight do we want mom to gain
25-35 lb
103
How many more calories should mom eat during pregnancy
300 more calories
104
How many more calories should mom eat during breastfeeding
500 more calories
105
Taking in
Happens within first 24 hours
| Mom is focused on herself and talks about her childbirth experience
106
Taking hold
Happens 2-3 days after birth
Can last up to 3 weeks
Mom focuses on baby's needs
107
Letting go
Move forward as a unit so mom is learning how to balance baby's needs with hers and the rest of the family
