Final APUSH Review Flashcards
Period 1 (dates, main ideas, etc.)
1491-1607
Christopher Colombus pulled up in 1492
Colombian Exchange: exchange of food, ideas, diseases between Old World and New World
Spanish Colonization:
God, Gold, & Glory
Encomienda System: made natives into slaves and catholics
1590s: Asiento System: african americans slaves (encomienda ended cus of Valladolid Debates)
Period 2 (dates, main ideas, etc.)
French Colonization:
Quebec and New Orleans
Friendly with Natives
traded stuff like fur
English Colonization:
Jamestown made in 1607; first english colony
Colonies
Southern Colonies:
North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Virginia, Maryland
most slaves, Stono Rebellion, tobacco, rice, sugar
New England Colonies (Religion Based):
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire
economy based on trade
Middle Colonies (agriculture)
Pennsylvania, Delaware, NY, NJ
Massachusetts
founded by John Winthrop, “City on a Hill”, Puritans
Rhode Island
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams made it for religious freedom
Pennsylvania
Made by William Penn, freedom & equality, opposed slavery
Native American Conflicts
1622 Powhatan Uprising in Virginia
1675 King Philip’s War in New England
Self Government
Salutary Neglect
Mayflower Compact
laws set for Pigrims in Plymouth
Virgina House of Burgesses
legislative body in Virginia with elections
First Great Awakening
1730-1740
Jonathon Edwards used fear to bring people back to church
George Whitefield did emotional conversions
French & Indian War
1754-1763
French & Indian War vs. British & Colonies
British won with lot of debt
Proclamation of 1763: Colonists can’t go past Appalachian to avoid Native American conflict
Path to Revolution
Salutary Neglect ended
Stamp Act: first tax after F&I war to get money
“No taxation without representation{
Boston Massacre and Boston Tea Party
Intolerable Acts such as Quartering Act
Revolutionary War
First Continental Congress tried to create peace
First shots at Lexington & Concord started war (shot heard around the world)
Second Continental Congress & Common Sense by Thomas Paine inspired Declaration of Independence
War (1775-1783)
Lexington & Concord (Start)
Saratoga (Turning Point)
Yorktown (British Surrender)
Treat of Paris
Won because of Washington, Guerilla Warfare, and French Support
Articles of Confederation and Constitution
Couldn’t tax or make national currency
Hard to pass laws or amend the Articles
Shays Rebellion led to Constitutional Convention
Constitutional Convention in 1787:
Great Compromise (bi-cameral legislature and 3/5 rule)
3 branches, checks & balances, separation of power
Federalists (Hamilton + Madison) published Federalist Papers for strong central govt.
Anti-Federalists wanted more power for states and BIll of Rights
Constitution ratified in 1789, GW becomes first president
George Washington
Made president cabinet, showed executive power during Whiskey Rebellion, two-term tradition
Farewell Address: don’t interfere with Europe, avoid political parties
Thomas Jefferson
Bought lousiana and doubled US, Embargo Act hurt economy
James Madison
War of 1812 due to British Impressment of American Sailors, White House burnt, star-spangled banner, ended with Treaty of Ghent
James Monroe
Era of Good Feelings (only DR party)
Monroe Doctrine: Europe stay out of Western Hemisphere
Henry Clay Missouri Compromise: drew line to balance slave & free states
JQ Adams
Corrupt bargain election
Andrew Jackson
Common people President
Agriculutre economy, states right, no National Bank
Destroyed National Bank, Indian Removal Act → Trail of Tears
Nullification Crisis (South Carolina didn’t agree to Tariffs)
Whig Party
anti-Jackson party by Henry Clay
Henry Clay American System:
protective tariffs
2nd National Bank
internal improvementsM
Market Revolution
textile mill, Eli Whitney cotton gin, hiring of women & children & immigrants
Transportation Revolution
steam engine and Erie Canal connected regional economies
Second Great Awakening
increased church attendance, denominations such as Mormoms created
first Women movement stuff
First Women’s Movement
WCTU (Women Christian Temperance Union) to ban alcohol
Seneca Fall Convention & Declaration of Sentiments
main leader was Elizabeth Stanton
Period 5
1844-1877
Manifest Destiny: god-given duty to expand coast-to-coast
James K Polk annexed Texad leading to Mexican-American War
Mexican-American War (1846-1848)
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo gave us Cali, Arizona, New Mexico, and more
1848 Gold Rush
Compromise of 1850: cali is free state, strengthened slave fugitive laws
Harriet Tubman’s Underground Railroad
Kansas-Nebraska Act: popular soverignthy in Kansas & Nebraska leading to Bleeding Kansas
Dred Scott 1857 Decision: African Americans arent citizens so they dont hv rights
Civil War
Causes:
- slavery, sectionalism, tariffs, abraham lincoln elected
Events:
- Fort Sumter (start)
- Antietam (bloodiest battle)
- Gettysburg (turning point)
- Apottomax (end)
Confedarcy:
strong generals and commitment
Union:
more money, infrastrastructure, people, and had lincoln leadership
Reconstruction
Freedman’s Bureau
- food shelter education for free slaves
Reconstruction Amendments
13th removed slavery
14th gave equal rights & protection
15th gave all men right to vote
Failures:
- sharecropping
- Black codes, Jim Crow, KKK
Compromise of 1877:
- Ruthford chosen as president in return for removing troops from South, ended Reconstruction
The Gilded Age
US Steel (Andrew Carnegie, vertical integration)
Standard Oil (John D. Rockefeller, horizontal integration)
laissez-faire: limited govt. regulation of businesses
Unions like AFL formed due to bad conditions and low wages
Pullman Strike of 1894 failed since govt. sides with business
Sherman Anti-Trust got rid of monopolies
Gilded Age Philosophies
- Social Darwinism: economic survival of the fittest
- Carnegie Gospel of Wealth: rich should do charity
Transcontinental Railroad Connected East and West
Plain Wars:
America took over Native lands even though they won small battles
The New South:
- steel plants, textile factories, lumber, tobacco
