Final - authors Flashcards
(49 cards)
Molefi Asante
The Afrocentric Idea (1980); relates to Pan-Africanism; Eurocentric thinkers show hubris when failing to qualify their statements, reporting them as universal; “science” as tied up in power and suppressing other ways of knowing; 1) miseducation, erasure, invisibility 2) transcending Cristianity as repressive 3) Africans as subjects rather than objects of history
Thomas Jefferson
“Notes on the State of Virginia” (1784); compartmentalization! Owned slaves, but called for abolition, but to send them to African, not for integration
Benjamin Banneker
“On the Secrets of Nature” “letter to Thomas Jefferson” 1791; critiquing Jefferson for failure to engage, perpetuating the status quo
Olaudah Equiano
The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano 1789; slavery, not the slave, is to blame for lack of education + culture—forerunner of Frazier
Frederick Douglas
Claims of the Negro, Ethnologically Considered 1854; America is now truly home for blacks; ambiguity of religion; he compartmentalized, too, in being unsupportive of Indians
Martin Delany
Political Destiny of the Colored Race 1854; back to Africa, thought blacks would never get equality in America; subtly militant, but admirable lack of colonization in emigration plans; “no people can be free unless they are at least some part of the ruling few”; thought integration would erase much cultural history; oppression would be over if we stopped participating in it (parallels with anti-colonialists, Garvey); direct action
David Walker
Appeal 1829; call for immediate abolition, by violent means if necessary; parallels with Highland Garnet
Orlando Patterson
current definition of “freedom” comes necessarily from its absence (Hegelian dialectic); religion as the carrot of freedom for the enslaved
Thomas Webber
Deep Like Rivers 1980; intentional miseducation by whites
Plessy vs Ferguson
1986; “separate but equal” constitutionally okay
13th Amendment
Abolished slavery 1865;
Booker T. Washington
accomodationsim, as opposed to what WEB Du Bois advocated; characterized by a sense of deep optimism, donating to Du Bois; Tuskegee founder
The Atlanta Exposition Address 1895; “Atlanta Compromise” boosted him to status of national leader, emphasizing inevitability & mutual gain in interdependence; thought Reconstruction failed because they tried to start at the top, i.e. congressional seats rather than economic gains; “cast down your bucket where you are”; “No race can prosper till it learns there dis as much dignity in tilling a field as writing a poem”
Industrial Education 1903; be a credit to your race, practical skill, balanced educational diet; did NOT simply advocate for industrial, but for all
Ida B Wells
Iola 1886; linked self segregation to forced segregation, so argued for integration, though was pragmatic
supporter of Garvey
Southern Horrors 1892; advocated a full range of strategies for change—”boycott, emigration, + press” + subtle armed self-defense; “the appeal to the white man’s pocket has ever even more effectual than all the appeals ever made to his conscience”
W.E.B. Du Bois
One of Mr Booker T Washington & Others 1903; radical but peaceful (PEACEFUL) political protest; liberal rather than industrial education, political power over economic gradualism; triple paradox of Washington’s program; part of ongoing challenge to Washington’s stranglehold on national leadership
The Talented Tenth 1903; education as the foundation of “manhood”
What Du Boise thinks of Garvey 1921; inept businessman, threatening to dash the cautious hopes of national blacks
Woman Suffrage 1915; work of the world today depends more largely upon women than upon men; men don’t protect women with their votes
Returning Soldiers 1919; critical of racism in military; nevertheless, still counts US “our fatherland”; call to soldiers to “return fighting”; gov’t responded w/ censorship
Criteria of Negro Art 1926; all art is propaganda
Marxism & the Negro Problem 1933; socialist for most of life, but argued Marxism was inapplicable to America b/c problems were racial, rather than class—”white labor rather than bourgeoisie denying blacks rights”;
Thought Africa could be a model for the rest of the world countering selfish individualistic western materialism; even when excluded from public discourse was prescient in identifying problems that would confront blacks when political goals attained; also maintained that the goal wasn’t absorption into white society, but for black society to be appreciated and equally respected;
Sojourner Truth
Address to FAMAERA 1867; alliship between women’s and black issues; don’t wait for the dust to settle before demanding woman suffrage, too
Marcus Garvey
Jamaican-born, UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association); fancies himself a Napoleon
What Garvey thinks of Du Bois 1921; goes ad hominem without answering specific criticisms
Address to the Second UNIA Convention 1921; stifled popularity of Du Bois’ Pan-African conference; largest meeting, scaring gov’t w/ mobilization potential; early Marxism, identifying the world as being too material, capitalism as a driving force of neo-slavery; Africa for the Africans
Zora Neale Hurston
The Emperor Effaces Himself 1925;
How if feels to be colored me 1928;
Kelly Miller
The Risk of Woman Suffrage 1915; anti-similarity of causes; suffrage is not a natural right, like life and liberty; concedes women superior in some ways, but not suited to public sphere
James Weldon Johnson
The Book of American Negro Poetry 1922; art/lit as the measure of a society’s greatness; racial oppression stifles the art of blacks and whites alike—hard to create with a monkey of racism on your back; references common cause with blacks in Latin America
Alain Locke
Art or Propaganda 1928; like DB sees art as a means of improving status, but thought propaganda perpetuates the position of group inferiority even in crying out against it
Langston Hughes
The Negro Artist & the Racial Mountain 1926; can/should you be more than a black artist?; artistic expression as “free w/in ourselves”
American Art or Negro Art 1926;
challenging the notion that even white art is neutral or not racial
George Schuyler
Negros and Artists 1926; propaganda rarely produces good art
critiqued pan-africanism, saying no real difference between peoples other than skin color; longstanding anti-establishment thinker
Walter White
right-leaning leader of the NAACP, feuded with DB; anti-Marxism lost NAACP much of coalition
CORE
Congress of Racial Equality; supported by Rustin, founded by Farmer; possibly the initial freedom rides late 40s (?); helped organize March on Washington; Ghandian style nonviolent protest
