FINAL-Basic Airway

Question 1

Thyromental Distance - Indication of difficult airway

Answer 1

< 3 fingerbreadths
< 6 cm or >9 cm

Question 2

Inter-incisor gap
Indication of difficult airway

Answer 2

< 3 cm (small mouth opening)

Long incisors (reduce the gap)

Buck teeth (increase risk of dental damage0

Question 3

Atlanto-occipital joint mobility
Indication of difficult airway

Answer 3

Head extension <23 degrees

Patient cannot touch tip of chin to chest or extend neck

Question 4

Mandibular protrusion test (MPT)/Upper lip bite test
Indication of difficult airway

Answer 4

Class c/III (out of I-III): Lower incisors cannot be moved in line with upper incisors and cannot bite lip

Question 5

Mallampati Exam
Indication of difficult airway

Answer 5

Class III, IV (out of I-IV)

Question 6

Mallampati Exam
PUSH

Answer 6

P- Pillars (Anterior and posterior)
U- Uvula
S- Soft palate
H- Hard palate

Question 7

Mallampati Class I

Answer 7

P- Pillars (Anterior and posterior)
U- Uvula
S- Soft palate
H- Hard palate

Fauces

Question 8

Mallampati Class II

Answer 8

U- Uvula
S- Soft palate
H- Hard palate

Fauces

Question 9

Mallampati Class III

Answer 9

S- Soft palate
H- Hard palate

Base of uvula

Question 10

Mallampati Class IV

Answer 10

H- Hard palate

Question 11

Cormack + Lehane Grading System
Difficult intubation

Answer 11

Grades III, IV (out of I-IV)

Grade III: Epiglottis only, no glottic opening

Grade IV: Soft palate only, no part of larynx

Question 12

Cormack + Lehane Grade I

Answer 12

Complete view of glottic opening

Question 13

Cormack + Lehane Grade II

Answer 13

-Posterior region of glottic opening
-Partial view of vocal cords/no vocal cords

Question 14

Cormack + Lehane Grade III

Answer 14

-Epiglottis only, no glottic opening

Question 15

Cormack +Lehane Grade IV

Answer 15

-Soft palate only, no part of larynx

Question 16

What is the best predictor of a difficult airway?

Answer 16

History of a difficult airway

Question 17

Adenoids
Eustachian tube
Hard Palate
Soft Palate

Answer 17

Nasopharynx

Question 18

Palatine tonsil
Tongue

Answer 18

Oropharynx

Question 19

Epiglottis
Vocal cords

Answer 19

Laryngopharynx/hypopharynx

Question 20

Upper and lower airways separated by

Answer 20

Cricoid cartilage

Question 21

Upper airway structures

Answer 21

Nose
Mouth
Pharynx
Laryngopharynx/hypopharynx
Larynx
Cricoid cartilage

Question 22

Lower airway structures

Answer 22

Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveoli

Question 23

Nose
Blood supply

Answer 23

-Maxillary; sphenopalatine branch

-Opthalmic

-Facial; septal branch

Question 24

Nose
Innervation of

Answer 24

-Sensory-somatic

Maxillary branch of trigeminal n. (CN V)
Opthalmic branch of trigeminal n. (CN V)

-Parasympathetic-motor

Facial n. (CN VII)
Pterygopalatine ganglion

-Sympathetic innervation

Superior cervical ganglion

Question 25

Nasopharynx location, contents

Answer 25

Anterior to C1 Eustacian tubes Adenoids

Question 26

Oropharynx location, contents

Answer 26

C2-C3 Bound by soft palate, hard palate

Question 27

Laryngopharynx/hypopharynx

Answer 27

C5-C6 Posterior to larynx

Question 28

Landmark for cricothyrotomy

Answer 28

Cricothyroid membrane

Question 29

Larynx composed of 3 single cartilages

Answer 29

Epiglottis Thyroid Cricoid

Question 30

Larynx composed of 3 paired cartilages

Answer 30

Corniculate Arytenoid Cuneiform

Question 31

Control tension of the vocal cords; opening and closing of the glottis

Answer 31

Intrinsic muscles of larynx Posterior cricoarytenoids Lateral cricoarytenoids Interarytenoid Thyroarytenoids and vocalis Aryepiglottic Cricothyroids

Question 32

Connects the larynx, hyoid bone, and neighboring anatomic structures; adjusts position of larynx during phonation, breathing, and swallowing

Answer 32

Extrinsic muscles of larynx ELEVATE LARYNX, suprahyoid muscles Stylohyoid Digastric Mylohyoid Geniohyoid PHARYNGEAL MUSCLE Stylopharyngeus Depresses hyoid, ELEVATE LARYNX, infrahyoid muscle Thyrohyoid DEPRESS LARYNX, infrahyoid muscles Omohyoid Sternohyoid Sternothyroid

Question 33

Elongates (tenses) vocal cords ADDuction and increasing tension of vocal cords

Answer 33

Cricothyroid

Question 34

aBducts vocal folds (opens glottis) aBduction vocal cords

Answer 34

Posterior cricoarytenoid

Question 35

aDDucts vocal folds (closes glottis) aDDuction and lengthening of arytenoids causing glottis closure

Answer 35

Lateral cricoarytenoid

Question 36

Shortens (relaxes) and aDDucts vocal cords (closes glottis)

Answer 36

Thyroarytenoid

Question 37

Shortens (relaxes) vocal cords

Answer 37

Vocalis

Question 38

Closes laryngeal vestibule Constriction of laryngeal vestibule

Answer 38

Aryepiglottic

Question 39

Closes posterior commissure of glottis

Answer 39

Interarytenoid (tranverse + oblique)

Question 40

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles (except for one) innervated by

Answer 40

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 41

Cricothyroid (intrinsic laryngeal muscle) innervated by

Answer 41

Superior laryngeal nerve (external branch)

Question 42

"Cords tense"

Answer 42

CricoThyroid

Question 43

"They Relax"

Answer 43

ThyroaRytenoid

Question 44

"Please Come Apart'

Answer 44

Posterior CricoArytenoid

Question 45

"Let's Close Airway"

Answer 45

Lateral CricoArytenoid

Question 46

Sternomental distance Indication of difficult airway

Answer 46

> 12.5 cm

Question 47

Airway management/Difficult intubation (acronym)

Answer 47

L- look externally E- evaluate 3:3:2 M-mallampati O-obesity/obstruction N-neck mobility S-Saturation/situation

Question 48

Difficult BVM (acronym)

Answer 48

R- radiation O-obesity/obstruction/OSA M-mask seal/male/mallampati A-aged N-no teeth

Question 49

Difficult LMA/EGD (acronym)

Answer 49

R-restriction O-obstruction/obesity D-distorted anatomy S-short thyromental

Question 50

Difficulty surgical airway (acronym)

Answer 50

S-surgery M-mass A-anatomy R-radiation T-tumor