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adult 1 > final: blood > Flashcards

final: blood Flashcards

1
Q

normal platelet count

A

150,000-400,000

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2
Q

normal RBC

A

4-6

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3
Q

normal Hct

A

35-50%

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4
Q

normal Hgb

A

12-17

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5
Q

normal WBC count

A

4,000-11,000

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6
Q

neutrophils

A

bacterial infections
new
50-70%

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7
Q

monocytes

A

chronic bacterial infections

4-6%

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8
Q

lymphocytes

A

viruses

25-35%

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9
Q

eosinophils

A

inflammatory, allergies, parasites

1-3%

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10
Q

basophils

A

inflammatory, release histamine

0.5-1%

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11
Q

neutropenia

A

reduction of neutrophils < 1500
know rate of decline
normal signs of inflammation may be absent due to lack of phagocyte activity

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12
Q

normal signs of inflammation may be absent due to lack of phagocyte activity

A

neutropenia

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13
Q

neutropenic fever

A

> 100.4 + neutrophil count < 500

medical emergency

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14
Q

important care for pts with neutropenia

A 
hand washing
daily temperatures at home
shower/bathe daily
electric razor
infection control
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15
Q

hemochromatosis

A

excess iron disorder

iron accumulates in liver (hepatomegaly)

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16
Q

hemochromatosis treatment

A

remove 500 mL blood weekly for 2-3 years

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17
Q

what should pts with hemochromatosis avoid

A

vitamin C
iron supplements
uncooked seafood
iron rich foods

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18
Q

polycythemia

A

high number of RBC

may impair circulation (hyperviscosity/hypervolemia)

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19
Q

symptoms of polycythemia

A

caused by hypervolemia, hyperviscority, HTN

HA, vertigo, dizziness, tinnitus, angina, CHF, claudication, thrombophlebitis, hemorrhage, epistaxis, GI bleed, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, increased uric acid etc

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20
Q

what secondary disease are polycythemia pts at risk for

A

gout

because of increased uric acid

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21
Q

splenomegaly is a symptom of ___ polycythemia only

A

primary

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22
Q

polycythemia treatment

A

phlebotomy (300-500 mL) q 2-3 months

hydration

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23
Q

thrombocytopenia

A 
decreased platelets (< 150,000)
increased risk of bleeding
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24
Q

level of platelets for prolonged bleeding from trauma

A

< 50,000

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25
Q

level of platelets for spontaneous/life-threatening bleeding

A

< 20,000

26
Q

immune thrombocytopenia purapura (ITP)

A

large bruising
autoimmune
1-3 day platelet life

27
Q

acute immune thrombocytopenia purapura (ITP) mostly seen in

A

kids after a viral illness

28
Q

chronic immune thrombocytopenia purapura (ITP) mostly seen in

A

women 20-40

29
Q

treatment of immune thrombocytopenia purapura (ITP)

A 
steroids
IV immunoglobulin
immunosuppression
splenectomy
platelet transfusions
30
Q

thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP)

A

nonimmune
blood clots in small vessels of body (blocks blood flow)

hemolytic anemia
thrombocytopenia
neurologic abnormalities
fever w no infection
renal abnormalities
31
Q

TTP-HUS

A

hemolytic anemia
acute kidney failure
thrombocytopenia

32
Q

cause of thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP)

A

deficiency of ADAM TS 13

33
Q

bleeding and clotting occur simultaneously

medical emergency!

A

thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP)

34
Q

which disease should you not give platelets

A

thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP)

heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)

35
Q

heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)

A

bleeding is not an issue

discontinue heparin

36
Q

heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) common adverse outcomes

A

DVT

PE

37
Q

thrombocytopenia manifestations

A

bleeding!

epistaxis, gingival bleeding, large bulls hemorrhages on buccal mucosa, petechiae, purpura, ecchymosis

prolonged bleeding after procedures

complication: hemorrhage

38
Q

hemophilia

A

hereditary bleeding disorder caused by defective or deficient coagulation factors

autosomal recessive…displayed in males

39
Q

hemophilia A

A

factor VIII deficiency

40
Q

hemophilia B

A

factor IX deficiency

41
Q

von williebrand disease

A

hereditary bleeding disorder caused by deficiency in von williebrand protein needed for platelets to stick to each other

autosomal dominant…seen in both genders

42
Q

manifestations of hemophilia and von williebrand

A

slow, persistent bleeding from minor trauma
uncontrollable bleeding after major procedures (dental)
epistaxis
GI/GU bleeding
splenic rupture from falls
ecchymosis
hemarthrosis

43
Q

90% of older people with this disease are HIV seropositive

A

hemophilia

from blood transfusions

44
Q

teaching for hemophilia and von williebrand

A 
non contact sports
wear gloves for chores
medical alert bracelet
administration of factor replacement at home
kids: helmet to school
45
Q

leukemia

A

malignancy affecting blood/blood forming tissues of bone marrow, lymph system and spleen

WBC > 100,000

46
Q

loss of regulation of cell division occurs in

A

leukemia

47
Q

how is leukemia treated

A

chemotherapy

stem cell transplant

48
Q

combination chemo is mainstay for 3 reasons

A
  1. decrease drug resistance
  2. minimize drug toxicity
  3. interrupt cell growth at different stages
49
Q

stem cell transplant

A

allows for large doses of chemo/radiation

50
Q

hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

reed-sternberg cells in lymph node biopsy

51
Q

hodgkin’s lymphoma manifestations

A

insidious
begins w one sided enlargement of nodes on neck
nontender, painless

52
Q

“B” symptoms

A

fever
night sweats
weight loss

53
Q

treatment of hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

chemo/radiation

aggressive..potentially life-threatening

54
Q

non-hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

unpredictable spread

not diagnosed until later stages

55
Q

non-hodgkin’s lymphoma treatment

A

radiation alone for localized
chemo for aggressive disease
chemo+radiation for intermediate forms

cranial radiation or intrathecal chemo may be used if CNS involvement probable

56
Q

multiple myeloma

A

malignancy of plasma cells

infiltrate and destroy bone marrow

57
Q

multiple myeloma prognosis

A

mean survival 3-5 years

58
Q

multiple myeloma symptoms

A

classic: skeletal pain
slow and insidious
pain triggered by movement
can impinge on spinal cord

59
Q

multiple myeloma diagnostics

A

pancytopenia and hypercalcemia
bone marrow biopsy
lab/radiological exams

60
Q

multiple myeloma cure

A

there is none

control may be possible with chemo, steroids, radiation, biologic agents

61
Q

multiple myeloma management

A 
hydration (to minimize hypercalcemia)
electrolytes and I&amp;O
careful with ambulation (high fracture risk, peripheral neuropathy)
pain management
DVT
infection

adult 1 (1 decks)

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