Final - BUSN 330

Question 1

Failure Costs

Answer 1

The cost of poor quality

Question 2

Three Project Quality Management Processes

Answer 2

1) Quality Planning
2) Quality Assurance
3) Quality Control

Question 3

Quality

Answer 3

concerned with whether the product meets stated requirements

Question 4

Grade

Answer 4

distinguishes between products that have the same use or purpose

Question 5

Quality Management (4)

Answer 5

1) customer satisfaction
2) prevention over inspection
3) management responsibility
4) continuous improvement

Question 6

Quality Audits

Answer 6

are independent reviews to determine whether a project is in compliance with the policies, processes, and procedures of the organization and project.

Question 7

Process Analysis

Answer 7

studies the problems, constraints, and non-value-added activities in a process.

Question 8

Three Quality Tools useful in quality control

Answer 8

Statistical Sampling
Inspection
Defect Repair Review

Question 9

Cause and Effect Diagrams (Fishbone)

Answer 9

examine potential causes of results in the areas of time, energy, machine, method, material, measurement, personnel, and environments

Question 10

Two external sources to consider when estimating project costs

Answer 10

• Marketplace conditions

- Commercial databases

Question 11

Constraints

Answer 11

limitations that need to be considered when costing the project (budget, delivery dates, resource availability)

Question 12

Assumptions

Answer 12

anything that are considered real, true, or certain. Usually legally or contractually based (buildings must meet code)

Question 13

Cost Aggregation

Answer 13

when the schedule activity costs are aggregated by work packages

Question 14

CPI

Answer 14

tells if a project is on, over, or under budget.

CPI < 1 = over budget
CPI > 1 = under budget

Question 15

SPI

Answer 15

tells if a project is on, ahead, or behind schedule

SPI < 1 = behind schedule
SPI > 1 = ahead of schedule

Question 16

Risks in International Project Management (5)

Answer 16

1) Political Risks
2) Financial Risks
3) Natural Risks
4) Legal Risks
5) Cultural Risks

Question 17

Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions (5)

Answer 17

Ranks cultures in five areas:

1) power distance index
2) Individualism
3) Masculinity
4) Uncertainty Avoidance Index
5) Long-Term Orientation

Question 18

Four Processes of Project Human Resource Management (4)

Answer 18

1) human resource planning
2) Acquiring project team
3) Developing project team
4) Managing project team

Question 19

Matrix-based responsibility chart

Answer 19

shows the work that needs to be done and who will do it

Question 20

RACI (Matrix based)

Answer 20

R - Responsible
A - Accountable
C - Consult
I - Inform

Question 21

When determining the roles and responsibilities of project team members the following are taken into account (4)

Answer 21

1) Role
2) Authority
3) Responsibility
4) Competency

Question 22

Maslow Hierachy of Needs

Answer 22

1) Physiological
2) Safety
3) Belonging
4) Esteem
5) self actualization

Question 23

Acquiring the project team

Answer 23

1. Availability (who is available and when are they available)
2. Ability (who has the right competencies for the project)
3. Experience (who has experience on similar projects)
4. Interests (who wants to be a project team member)
5. Costs (the cost of having the person on the project team)

Question 24

Four Processes in Project Communications

Answer 24

1) communications planning
2) Information Distribution
3) Performance Reporting
4) Manage Stakeholders

Question 25

Communications Model

Answer 25

encoding: the sender puts thoughts into words that can be understood by the receiver message: what the sender is trying to convey medium: the tool the sender is using to convey the message decoding: having the message understood by the receiver

Question 26

Communication Channels needed

Answer 26

if you have a project with 25 stakeholders, the number of communication channels would be 300 or (25 x 24) ÷ 2. Total communication channels = (n (n-1)) / 2

Question 27

Consequential theories

Answer 27

concerned with the outcome of the decision

Question 28

non-consequentialist theories

Answer 28

principle based

Question 29

Egotism

Answer 29

Egotism is an individualist consequentialist theory. This theory holds that people will make decisions based on their own interests. The limitation of this theory is that it doesn’t take into account individuals who pursue actions at another’s expense.

Question 30

Utilitarianism

Answer 30

Utilitarianism is a community consequentialist theory that stresses actions that produce the greatest good for the largest number of people. Limitations of this theory include that the determination of the greatest good is subjective, may be hard to quantify, and overlooks the needs of minorities.

Question 31

Deontology

Answer 31

deontology states that people act based on a sense of duty. Limitations with this theory include assuming that everyone follows and agrees with the same set of principles

Question 32

Rights and justice

Answer 32

The theory of justice uses concepts of “rights” and respect for human beings as the focus of ethical decision-making. One of the limitations with this theory is that fairness and rights are not universally accepted or defined.

Question 33

imperialist approach

Answer 33

ethical code they followed at home to determine their response to the ethical dilemmas they faced internationally.

Question 34

relativist approach

Answer 34

“When in Rome, do as the Romans do” model

Question 35

universalist approach

Answer 35

global standards and rules or international laws to determine their ethical stance in other countries

Question 36

relationship-building approach

Answer 36

Managers who used this approach tried to establish trust through building relationships.

Question 37

Strategies to deal with negative risks or threats (4)

Answer 37

1. Avoid - eliminates risk by changing plan 2. Transfer - removes risks and shifts responsibility to a external party 3. Mitigate - reduces the probability or impact of a negative risk 4. Accept - does not try to eliminate risk

Question 38

A dispute may progress through the following steps

Answer 38

1) negotiation 2) mediation (not legally binding) 3) arbitration (legally binding) 4) Litigation

Question 39

Status Reports

Answer 39

look at the performance of the entire project at a certain point

Question 40

Progress Reports

Answer 40

look at the performance of a project from the last time a progress report was issued

Question 41

Forecast Report

Answer 41

detail what is expected to happen on the project

Question 42

Variance Report

Answer 42

compare the difference between planned and actual activity for the project

Question 43

Earned Value Report

Answer 43

measure performance in terms of what project work has cost versus what it was budgeted to cost

Question 44

Four Communication styles

Answer 44

1) Direct 2) Spirited 3) Considerate 4) Systematic

Question 45

The four strategies to deal with positive risks or opportunities are:

Answer 45

Exploit – This strategy takes advantage of opportunities. Share – This strategy shares the benefits of positive risks with another party. Enhance – This strategy increases the probability or positive impact of an opportunity. Accept – This strategy does not try to eliminate or change the impact or probability of the risk. Passive acceptance of a risk allows the risk to occur as it will. Active acceptance of a risk may require a contingency reserve of time or money.