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Computer Maintenance > Final (Ch 1, 2, 3, 4, ,5, 6, 7, 8) > Flashcards

Final (Ch 1, 2, 3, 4, ,5, 6, 7, 8) Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

What is Computer Maintenance?

A

Its the practice of keeping the software & hardware of computers in a good state and shape.

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2
Q

What are the four essential processes that computers perform?

A

1- Input
2- Output
3- Storage
4- Processing

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3
Q

What is ESD?

A

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), means the passage of static electrical charge.

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4
Q

How do we avoid ESD?

A

By wearing an anti-static wrist strap, and connecting yourself to your computer case.

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5
Q

What does a PC consist of?

A

1- System unit.
2- Monitor.
3- Keyboard.
4- Mouse.
5- Speakers.
6- Printer.

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6
Q

What was mini-DIN used for?

A

Mouse & keyboard

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7
Q

What is USB?

A

Universal Serial Bus

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8
Q

What is USB used for?

A

Industry standard used for general purpose connection.

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9
Q

What are the 3 different USB sizes?

A

1- A (Very common)
2- B
3- mini-B (Less common)

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10
Q

What is DB-25?

A

electrical connector used to connect most of the peripherals devices. (Printer..)

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11
Q

What is RJ-11 for?

A

Telephone.

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12
Q

What is RJ-45 for?

A

Network.

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13
Q

What does the Power supply (PSU) do?

A

Simply supplies the PC components with electricity.

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14
Q

What type of electricity does the PC use?

A

Direct current (DC).

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of electricity currents?

A

1- (DC), Direct current.
2- (AC), Alternating current.

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16
Q

What does the Power supply unit (PSU) do to get DC?

A

Converts AC power to DC, to pass it to motherboard and peripherals.

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17
Q

What is the P1 connector for?

A

Power connector for Motherboard.

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18
Q

What are the 3 types of power connectors for peripherals?

A

1- Molex connector (CD-ROM drive, DVD drives & Hard drive connectors).
2- Mini connector (Floppy disks).
3- SATA connector (Hard drives).

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19
Q

What can you use if you don’t have enough connectors?

A

Use splitters.

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20
Q

How can we test our Power supply unit to see if its functioning?

A

1- Connect PSU to the motherboard, and connect your wall socket to your PSU (power On/Off).
2- Wire pin 13 & 14 with a wire of the motherboard connector from the power supply side.

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21
Q

What are the factors modern motherboards are differentiated by?

A

1- Form Factor.
2- Chipset.
3- Components.

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22
Q

What are the form factors of a motherboard?

A

1- AT. (Advanced Technology)
2- ATX. (Advanced Technology Extended)
3- Micro ATX.

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23
Q

What are the difference between ATX & Micro ATX?

A

Micro ATX is smaller than ATX.

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24
Q

What are the Motherboard Components? (1)

A

1- Expansion slots.
2- RAM slots.
3- CPU Socket.
4- Jumpers.

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25
What are the Motherboard Components? (2)
5- CMOS battery. 6- Power connection. 7- Front panel connectors. 8- Side panel connectors. 9- IDE connectors.
26
What is a Chipset?
Set of controller chips that monitor and directs the traffic between motherboard's components.
27
What does the Northbridge chipset handle in (Intel) based Motherboards?
Handles communication between the CPU with RAM.
28
What does the Northbridge chipset handle in (AMD) based Motherboards?
Provides communication with Video card rather then memory, because the memory controller is built into the CPU.
29
What does the Southbridge chipset handle?
Handles some expansion devices & mass storage drives. (All the computer I/O Functions)
30
What is (PCI) ?
Peripheral Component Interconnect.
31
What does the CMOS jumper do?
Allows you to clear the CMOS setting.
32
What is CMOS?
Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor
33
What does the CMOS battery do?
Lets the CMOS chip Keep its setting when the PC is turned off.
34
What is IDE?
Integrated drive electronics.
35
What does CPU stand for?
Central Processing Unit.
36
What does GPU stand for?
Graphics processing unit
37
What does ALU stand for?
Arithmetic logic unit
38
How many registers are there in the Control unit?
2 registers.
39
What does EDB stand for?
External Data Bus.
40
What is Clock?
Special wire that tells the CPU it's ready for the next piece of information.
41
What does CLK stand for?
Clock signal.
42
What is Clock speed?
The maximum number of clock cycles that CPU can handle in a specific time (per second).
43
What's the CPU clock cycle unit?
Hertz (Hz).
44
Answer each of the following:- 1 HZ --> ? 1 MHz --> ? 1 GHz --> ?
1- 1 cycle per second. 2- 1 million cycle per second. 3- 1 billion cycle per second.
45
What does BIOS stand for?
Basic Input/output System.
46
Where is the BIOS is stored at?
Its stored on the BIOS Chip, which is a permanent storage. (even after turning off The PC)
47
What does CMOS stand for?
Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor.
48
What does the CMOS do?
Stores and keeps the current time and date of the PC in case of shuts down.
49
What does POST stand for?
Power On-Self-Test.
50
What does POST do?
Checks out the system every time the PC boots.
51
What does POST do when there is an Error?
Display a text message to the user's monitor indicating this issue OR use beep codes.
52
What does the following beep code mean? (long 2, short 1)
indicates a video error and the BIOS cannot initialize the video screen to display any additional information.
53
What does the following beep code mean? (long 3, short 1)
Video card not detected or bad Video card.
54
What does the following beep code mean? (Beep repeats endlessly)
RAM problem.
55
What does the following beep code mean? (Repeated high frequency beeps while PC is running)
Overheating CPU.
56
What does the following beep code mean? (Repeated beeps alternately, High & Low frequency)
Issue with processor (CPU), possibly damaged.
57
What is the first process run by the POST?
The Bootstrap, it initiates the hardware, firmware and software of the PC.
58
What does the Bootstrap do?
Reads CMOS information to tell it where to look for the operating system.
59
Why is the CMOS a utility?
Because its where users can manage their PC's components very easy without the need to open up the PC.
60
What are the 3 main parts of a Hard Drive?
1- rotating disk or platters. 2- read/write head. 3- actuator arm.
61
What is Seek time?
The time it takes the hard drive to allocate the free sector.
62
What is latency?
The time it takes the hard drive to rotate this disk to allocate the free sector.
63
What is write time?
The time it takes to write on the free sector.
64
What does IDE drives stand for?
Integrated hard drive electronics drives.
65
What does ATA stand for?
Advanced technology attachment.
66
ATA hard drives are subcategorized into two kinds?
1- Parallel ATA (PATA) 2- Serial ATA (SATA)
67
What does EIDE stand for?
Enhanced Integrated hard drive electronics
68
What does SCSI stand for? What are used for?
Small computer system interface, mainly used by many server machines.
69
What does RAID stand for?
Redundant array of independent (or inexpensive) disk.
70
If PC is running slow, the easiest and fastest way to boost the system is to?
Add more Random access memory (RAM).
71
What's any individual 0 or 1?
A bit.
72
4 bits?
A nibble.
73
8 bits?
A byte.
74
16 bits?
A word.
75
32 bits?
A double word.
76
64 bits?
A paragraph or quad word.
77
What does DRAM stand for?
Dynamic RAM.
78
What are the Types of RAM? (1)
1- Synchronous DRAM :- A- Its tied to the system clock, it matches the speed of the front side bus. B- Offers five speed : 66, 73, 83, 100, 133 MHz's C- Requires a DIMM slot.
79
What are the Types of RAM? (2)
1- Rambus DRAM :- A- Speed ratings : 600, 700, 800, 1066 MHz's. B- requires a RIMM slot.
80
What does DIMM and RIMM stand for?
- Dual inline memory module. - Rambus inline memory module.
81
What are the Types of RAM? (3)
3- DDR SDRAM (Double data rate) :- A- doubles the speed of SDRAM. B- It synchronizes its data by making two processes for every cycle.
82
What is the difference between DDR3 & DDR4?
DDR3 :- - allows up to 128GB. - speed between 400 - 1067 MHz's - voltage 1.5 or 1.65 V. DDR4 :- - allows up to 512GB. - speed between 800 - 1600 MHz's - voltage 1.2 V.
83
What are pixels?
Tiny dots that make up an image.
84
What's resolution?
The amount of detail an image, display, or screen can show.
85
What does LCD stand for?
Liquid crystal display (LCD).
86
What does GPU stand for?
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU).
87
What does VGA stand for?
Video graphic array (VGA).
88
What does AGP stand for?
Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP).
89
What does PCIe stand for?
Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe).
90
What does PCM stand for?
Pulse code modulation (PCM).

Computer Maintenance (7 decks)

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