final chapters 11-15

Question 1

a large organization that is structure hiearchally to carry out specific functions

Answer 1

bureaucracy

Question 2

a federal, state, or local government unit established to perform a specific function. Administrative agencies are created and authorixaed by legislative bodies to administer and enforce spefici laws

Answer 2

administrative agency

Question 3

an agency outside the major executive departments charged with making and implemeting rules and regulations

Answer 3

independent regulatory agency

Question 4

a law the requires all committee-directed federal agencies to conduct their business regularly in public session

Answer 4

government in the sunshine act

Question 5

laws requiring that existing programs be reviewed regularly for their effectiveness and be terminated unless specifically extended as a result of these reviews

Answer 5

sunset legislation

Question 6

someone who brings to public attention gross governmental inefficiency or an illegal action

Answer 6

whistleblower

Question 7

the replacment of government services with services provied by private firms

Answer 7

privatization

Question 8

judge made law that originated in england from decisions shaped according to prevailing custom. Decisions were applied to similar situations and gradually became common to the nation

Answer 8

common law

Question 9

a court rule bearing on subsequent legal decisions in similar cases. Judges rely on precedents in deciding cases.

Answer 9

precedent

Question 10

to stand on decided cases; the judicial policy of following precedents established by past decisions

Answer 10

stare decisis

Question 11

law established by legislatures, increasingly have become important of defining the rights and obligations of individuals.

Answer 11

statues

Question 12

passes by local bodies and usually deal with safety and zoning

Answer 12

ordinances

Question 13

judicial interpretations of comon law principles and doctrines, as well as interpretations of constitutional law, statutory law, and administrative law.

Answer 13

case law

Question 14

authority of a court to decide certain cases.

Answer 14

jurisdiction

Question 15

a sufficient stake in a matter to justify brining suit.

Answer 15

standing to sue

Question 16

the court in which most cases begin

Answer 16

trial court

Question 17

exists when a court’s authority to hear cases is not significantly restricted

Answer 17

general jurisdiction

Question 18

to engage in a legal proceeding or seek relief in a court of law

Answer 18

litigate

Question 19

a lawsuite filed by an individual seeking damages for “ all persons similary situated”

Answer 19

class action suit

Question 20

a brief filed by a third party, who is not directly involves in the litigation but who has an interest in the outsome of the case.

Answer 20

amicus curiae brief

Question 21

the faceless bureaucracy is the image we americans see our government

Answer 21

true

Question 22

government corporation has a board of directors and managers, but it doesnt have stockholders

Answer 22

true

Question 23

public bureaucracies are dependent upon congress for their funding, staffing, and their continued existence

Answer 23

true

Question 24

the independent regulatory agencies are typically responsible for many types of public policy

Answer 24

false

Question 25

the independent regulatory agencies are administered independently of all three branches of government

Answer 25

true

Question 26

government corporations are used when activities are primary commercial

Answer 26

true

Question 27

governnment corporations has aboard of directors and managers, and stock holders

Answer 27

false

Question 28

as long a the federal bureaucracy exists, there will be attepmts to make it more open, efficient, and responsive to the needs of the US citizens

Answer 28

true

Question 29

another approach to bureaucratic reform is privatization , whihc occurs when government services are replaced by services from the private sector

Answer 29

true

Question 30

the term whistleblower as applied to the federal bureaucracy has a meaning: it is someone who blows the whistle on a gross governmental inefficiency or illegal action

Answer 30

true

Question 31

congress has the power of the purse and could refuse to authorize or appropriate funds for an agency

Answer 31

true

Question 32

public bureaucracies supposedly serve the citizenry

Answer 32

true

Question 33

justices of the supreme court are not elected but appointed by the president and confirmed by the senate

Answer 33

true

Question 34

the most important poltical force within our judiciary is the US Supreme Court

Answer 34

true

Question 35

the united states has a dual court system. state and federal cours. each of the 50 states including the district of columbia has its own court system.

Answer 35

true

Question 36

there are 51 court systems in the US

Answer 36

true

Question 37

in any court system, before a case cfan be brought before a court, certain requirments must be met; jurisdiction and standing to sue

Answer 37

true

Question 38

a trial court is a court in which trials are held and testimony is taken

Answer 38

true

Question 39

the US Supreme court is the highest level of the three tiered model of the federal court system

Answer 39

true

Question 40

the supreme court hears appeals federal appellate courts and highest state courts

Answer 40

true

Question 41

both the federal and the state courts have stablished procedural rules that shape the litigation process

Answer 41

true

Question 42

in most lawsuits, the parties are the plantiff( the person or organization that initiates the law suit), and the defendant( the person or orgnization against whom the lawsuit is brought)

Answer 42

true

Question 43

of the total number of cases that are decided each year, those reviewed by the supreme court represent less and one half of 1 percent

Answer 43

true

Question 44

the supreme court decisions profoundl affect our lives

Answer 44

true

Question 45

an appellate court will challange a trial's court findings of fact only when the finding is clearly contrary to the evidence presented at trial or when there is no evidence to support the finding

Answer 45

true

Question 46

what are the sources of american law

Answer 46

constitutions statutes ordinances case law

Question 47

what are the types of federal courts

Answer 47

trial courts US courts of appeals US Supreme court

Question 48

three common law trditions

Answer 48

common law precedent stare decisis

Question 49

organizational chart of the federal government

Answer 49

``` constitution legislative branch executive branch judicial branch cabinet departments independent establishments/government coporations ```

Question 50

congressional control of the bureaucrcy

Answer 50

oversight conduct investigations and hold hearings to oversee agency's actions ask the GAO or the CBO to investigate a particular agency can refuse to fund an agency agency's enabling legislation

Question 51

bureacratic reform

Answer 51

``` government in the sunshine act sunset legislation privatization saving cost through e-government whistleblower?( is this the 5th one) ```

Question 52

examples of government corporations

Answer 52

tennessee valley authority federal deposit insurance coporation US postal service

Question 53

examples of administrative agencies

Answer 53

environmental protection agency nuclear regulatory commission security and exchange commission