Final content

Question 1

What is dementia?

Answer 1

A group of symptoms caused by various diseases and conditions that affect the brain, leading to a progressive decline in cognition, language, and personality, which interferes with independent functioning.

Question 2

What are the causes of dementia?

Answer 2

Brain cells die → reduced neural communication → symptoms.

Question 3

What percentage of dementia cases are Alzheimer’s?

Answer 3

60-70% of dementia cases.

Question 4

What characterizes Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 4

Characterized by amyloid plaques and beta tangles.

Question 5

What are common symptoms of Alzheimer’s?

Answer 5

Impairments in memory, language, and visuospatial skills.

Question 6

What percentage of dementia cases are vascular dementia?

Answer 6

10-20% of dementia cases.

Question 7

What characterizes vascular dementia?

Answer 7

Characterized by disease or injury to the blood vessels leading to the brain.

Question 8

What are common symptoms of vascular dementia?

Answer 8

Impaired motor skills and judgment.

Question 9

What percentage of dementia cases are frontotemporal dementia?

Answer 9

10% of cases.

Question 10

What characterizes frontotemporal dementia?

Answer 10

Characterized by deterioration of frontal and temporal lobes.

Question 11

What are common symptoms of frontotemporal dementia?

Answer 11

Personality changes and issues with language.

Question 12

What percentage of dementia cases are Lewy Body dementia?

Answer 12

5% of cases.

Question 13

What characterizes Lewy Body dementia?

Answer 13

Characterized by lewy body protein deposits on brain cells.

Question 14

What are common symptoms of Lewy Body dementia?

Answer 14

Hallucinations, disordered sleep, impaired thinking, and motor skills.

Question 15

What are other types of dementia?

Answer 15

5% including Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, HIV, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, and Korsakoff Syndrome.

Question 16

What is the diagnostic criteria for dementia?

Answer 16

Evidence of significant cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in one or more cognitive domains.

Question 17

What cognitive domains are assessed for dementia?

Answer 17

Learning and memory, language, executive function, complex function, perceptual-motor, social cognition.

Question 18

What swallowing characteristics are associated with dementia?

Answer 18

Overall slowing of the swallowing process, reduced sensation, oral stasis, reduced tongue and mandibular strength, and reduced bolus clearance.

Question 19

What is the SLP’s role in dementia care?

Answer 19

Comprehensive assessment, caregiver support, and assessing speech, language, and cognitive skills.

Question 20

What are compensatory communication strategies for dementia?

Answer 20

Use short, simple sentences, reduce WH questions, eliminate distractions, and speak slowly.

Question 21

What is spaced retrieval training?

Answer 21

Targets include semantic memory, procedural memory, prospective memory, and episodic memory.

Question 22

What are memory books/wallets?

Answer 22

Small books or albums with labeled photographs designed to present factual information in written and picture formats.

Question 23

What are Montessori-based programs?

Answer 23

Programs that provide cognitively stimulating, personally-relevant activities for persons with dementia.

Question 24

What are treatment considerations for swallowing in dementia?

Answer 24

Environmental modifications, special food preparation, dietary modifications, and increased mealtime supervision.

Question 25

What is aphasia?

Answer 25

Acquired language impairment caused by brain injury, impacting reading, writing, listening, and/or speaking but NOT intellect.

Question 26

How often does someone acquire aphasia in the United States?

Answer 26

Approx every four minutes.

Question 27

What are common causes of aphasia?

Answer 27

Damage to the central or peripheral nervous system, such as stroke, trauma, or disease.

Question 28

What is a stroke?

Answer 28

A sudden action/event that disrupts the brain’s blood supply.

Question 29

What are stroke risk factors?

Answer 29

Heart disease, diabetes, tobacco use, obesity, high blood pressure, and physical inactivity.

Question 30

What does BE FAST stand for?

Answer 30

Balance, Eyes, Face, Arm, Speech, Time.

Question 31

What is the SLP's role with aphasia?

Answer 31

Listen to the person with aphasia and caregiver, educate about communication forms, and encourage participation in life.

Question 32

What are communication strategies for aphasia?

Answer 32

Ask simple questions, provide choices, speak slowly and clearly, and allow extra time.

Question 33

What is dyslexia?

Answer 33

A learning disability that affects how the brain processes written language, making it difficult to read, write, and spell.

Question 34

What percentage of the population is affected by dyslexia?

Answer 34

15-20% of the population.

Question 35

What are early warning signs of dyslexia?

Answer 35

Difficulties in reading, writing, and spelling.

Question 36

What is the overlap between dyslexia, DLD, and SSD?

Answer 36

They are interconnected neurodevelopmental conditions that share phonological processing challenges.

Question 37

What is written language disorder?

Answer 37

Difficulty with reading, writing, and spelling, including sound, syllable, word, sentence, and discourse level difficulties.

Question 38

What should be assessed for dyslexia?

Answer 38

Phonological awareness, phonemic awareness, rapid automatized naming, letter-sound knowledge, decoding, reading fluency, spelling, reading comprehension, and listening comprehension.

Question 39

What is the treatment for dyslexia?

Answer 39

Dyslexia has no cure; early intervention and structured literacy instruction are essential.

Question 40

What are elements of structured literacy instruction?

Answer 40

Phonology, sound-symbol association, syllable instruction, morphology, syntax, and semantics.

Question 41

What are multi-sensory techniques for dyslexia?

Answer 41

Sand writing, blending boards, arm tapping, and line readers.