Final Cumulative Exam

Question 1

Who are the four members of the primary sports medicine team?

Answer 1

Athlete, Physician, Athletic Trainer, and Coach

Question 2

Who are the assistive members of the sports medicine team?

Answer 2

Pharmacists, Nutritionists, Physical Therapist, Occupational Therapist, Biomechanists, Exercise Physiologists, Physician Assistants, etc

Question 3

The accuracy of test or experimental results (often measured by a Gold Standard)

Answer 3

Validity

Question 4

The consistency of test or experimental results

Answer 4

Reliability

Question 5

The consistency of test or experimental results with the same person

Answer 5

Intra-Reliability

Question 6

The consistency of test or experimental results with different people

Answer 6

Inter-Reliability

Question 7

What are Intrinsic causes of injury?

Answer 7

Age, Gender, Muscle/Balance, Body Comp, Body Weight

Question 8

What are extrinsic causes of injury?

Answer 8

Equipment, Ground Surface, Other people, Temperature

Question 9

What are the three stages of healing?

Answer 9

1. Immobilize (RICE-rest,ice,compress,elevate)
2. Repair & Rejuvenation (Stretching)
3. Remodeling (maturation stage)

Question 10

How long does the first stage of healing last?

Answer 10

72 hours

Question 11

How long does the second stage of healing last and what does it entail?

Answer 11

• lasts up to 6 weeks
• involves stretching (ROM) and at the end isotonic stretching
• in this stage an individual should stay away from plyometrics and sport specific activities.

Question 12

How long does the third stage of healing last?

Answer 12

The remodeling stage last for about a year.

-

Question 13

What are the four cardinal vital signs

Answer 13

Pulse, Blood Pressure, Temperature, Respiration

Question 14

In what order is a proper injury assessment conducted?

Answer 14

HOPS - History
Observation
Palpation
Special Tests

Question 15

What are the components of overall fitness?

Answer 15

Flexibility (ROM of a joint)
Muscular Strength
Muscular Endurance
Body Composition
Cardiovascular/Aerobic

Question 16

Long bone motion

-rotary motion of bone shafts

Answer 16

Osteokinematics

Question 17

movement of the joint surfaces

• glides, spins, and rolls
• can increase primary ROM

Answer 17

Asteokinematics (accessory motions)

Question 18

What is the concave-convex rule ?

Answer 18

Watch Video (Joint Articulation PowerPoint)

Question 19

How are joints classified?

Answer 19

Joints are classified by Function and Structure

Question 20

what are three different classifications of joints by function?

Answer 20

Synarthrotic - immovable joint
ampiarthrotic - slightly moveable joint
diarthrosis - freely moveable joint

Question 21

What are the three different classification of joints by structure?

Answer 21

Fibrous joint - Bones held together by fibrous connective tissue (very little movement possible)
Cartilaginous Joint - bones are held together by cartilage (primarily synchondroses)
Synovial Joint - bones forming a synovial joint cavity (allows fee movement thus classified as diarthrosis)

Question 22

The plane that divides the body into top and bottom halves. Also known as the horizontal plane.

Answer 22

Transverse Plane

Question 23

The plane that splits the body vertically into front and back halves. Also known as coronal plane.

Answer 23

Frontal Plane (ex: cartwheel)

Question 24

The plane that divides the body vertically into left and right halves. Also known as the anteroposterior plane

Answer 24

Sagittal Plane (ex: walking, running)

Question 25

Flexion, extension, hyperextension, dorsiflexion, and plantar flexion

Answer 25

Sagittal Plane Movements

Question 26

Adduction, abduction, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation.

Answer 26

Frontal Plane Movements

Question 27

Left/Right rotation (of the head, neck, trunk), pronation, supination, circumduction.

Answer 27

Transverse Plane Movements

Question 28

A contraction in which the muscle length remains the same. (same distance - not moving)

Answer 28

Isometric Contraction

Question 29

A contraction the muscles length changes with force generation. Example is lifting something up at the same speed. (same tension)

Answer 29

Isotonic Contraction

Question 30

A contraction in which the muscles contracts and shortens at the same rate of speed.

Answer 30

Isokinetic Contraction

Question 31

A contraction in which the muscle shortens (positive)

Answer 31

Concentric Contraction

Question 32

A contraction in which the muscle lengthens (negative)

Answer 32

Eccentric Contraction

Question 33

1. Identify the joint movement (flexion, adduction) or position 2. Identify the plane of movement (frontal, sagittal, transverse) 3. Identify external force on the joint and direction of movement caused by external force (gravity/weight) - Muscle Anatomy is key to this.

Answer 33

Muscle Control Formula

Question 34

Used to determine the adequacy of the higher (central) nervous system. Obtained by stimulating the outside of the sole of the foot, which is tested positive will cause the big toe to to extend and the other toes to fan out. This response if normal in newborns and infants. Thus considered abnormal in an older child or adult.

Answer 34

Babinski Reflex

Question 35

An orthopedic technique to determine the presence of an upper motor neuron lesion (serious spinal cord injury). Obtained by stimulating the anterior service of the shin. If positive then the toes will splay ( this is abnormal).

Answer 35

Oppenheim Reflex

Question 36

Another method used to determine the presence of an upper motor neuron lesion (spinal cord injury). Obtained by stimulating the calf muscle (by squeezing it). If positive the toes will splay (this is abnormal).

Answer 36

Gordon's Reflex

Question 37

Oppenheim Reflex Babinski Reflex Gordon Reflex

Answer 37

Pathologic Reflexes

Question 38

How are concussions assessed?

Answer 38

raccoon eyes, dermatomes, myotones, cognitive tests, retrograde amnesia, coordination

Question 39

Signs and symptoms of various head injuries

Answer 39

concussions, skull fractures, the two types of hematoma

Question 40

How is sensorimotor function assessed?

Answer 40

Test sensation and motor function (dermatone and myotone)

Question 41

List events that have the potential to cause shock.

Answer 41

site of blood, allergic reaction (anaphlyaxis shock), fainting (psychogenic shock), lack of Oxygen (respiratory insufficiency), the result of blood loss (hypolemic shock), etc

Question 42

Juvenile Diabetes - no insulin production - daily injections, insulin pump

Answer 42

Type I Diabetes

Question 43

- diabetes that occurs later on in life. - inadequate insulin - managed with diet, meds, and exercise

Answer 43

Type II Diabetes

Question 44

An excessive amount of glucose is in the blood. - dry, warm skin - sunken eyes - deep, rapid breathing - sweet, fruity breath - thready pulse

Answer 44

Diabetic coma

Question 45

An excessive amount of Insulin the the body. - moist, clammy skin - headache - dizziness - hunger - sweating

Answer 45

Insulin Shock